Question 1

Early in adolescence, moral guidelines are:

Accepted Answer

A)  seen as absolutes. 
B)  seen as subjective. 
C)  based on principles such as equality, justice, or fairness. 
D)  based on abstract guidelines. 
A)  seen as absolutes. 
B)  seen as subjective. 
C)  based on principles such as equality, justice, or fairness. 
D)  based on abstract guidelines.

Question 2

The ability to see beyond what is directly observable and reason in terms of what might be possible is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  theory of mind. 
B)  hypothetical thinking. 
C)  imaginary audience. 
D)  formal operations. 
A)  theory of mind. 
B)  hypothetical thinking. 
C)  imaginary audience. 
D)  formal operations.

Question 3

According to the textbook, all of the following are potentially successful ways to reduce adolescent risk taking except:

Accepted Answer

A)  classroom-based education programs designed to teach adolescents about the dangers of various activities, make better decisions, and resist peer pressure to engage in risky activity. 
B)  limiting adolescents' opportunities to put themselves in risky situations and making risky substances harder for adolescents to obtain. 
C)  making the penalties for engaging in certain risky behaviors more severe and increasing the salience of the potential costs of engaging in the risky behavior. 
D)  finding ways to permit adolescents to take risks without putting themselves in situations in which they can hurt themselves. 
A)  classroom-based education programs designed to teach adolescents about the dangers of various activities, make better decisions, and resist peer pressure to engage in risky activity. 
B)  limiting adolescents' opportunities to put themselves in risky situations and making risky substances harder for adolescents to obtain. 
C)  making the penalties for engaging in certain risky behaviors more severe and increasing the salience of the potential costs of engaging in the risky behavior. 
D)  finding ways to permit adolescents to take risks without putting themselves in situations in which they can hurt themselves.

Question 4

The formation of synapses is:

Accepted Answer

A)  almost entirely genetically programmed. 
B)  almost entirely formed through experience. 
C)  both genetically programmed and formed through experience. 
D)  random. 
A)  almost entirely genetically programmed. 
B)  almost entirely formed through experience. 
C)  both genetically programmed and formed through experience. 
D)  random.

Question 5

According to Vygotsky, adolescents learn best when:

Accepted Answer

A)  their lessons are within their zone of proximal development. 
B)  a more experienced instructor is present. 
C)  the instructor engages in scaffolding. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  their lessons are within their zone of proximal development. 
B)  a more experienced instructor is present. 
C)  the instructor engages in scaffolding. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 6

You join your friends for coffee and notice they are arguing about whether the Piagetian or the information-processing perspective offers a better explanation of cognitive development. They ask for your opinion, and you tell them that each is useful but each has limitations. You suggest a third approach that integrates the two perspectives. What do you tell your friends?

Accepted Answer

Piaget laid the groundwork to understand

Question 7

All of the following are features of hypothetical thinking, except:

Accepted Answer

A)  seeing beyond what is directly observable 
B)  applying logical reasoning to anticipate what might be possible 
C)  imagining the logic behind another person's argument 
D)  greater awareness of concrete, observable events. 
A)  seeing beyond what is directly observable 
B)  applying logical reasoning to anticipate what might be possible 
C)  imagining the logic behind another person's argument 
D)  greater awareness of concrete, observable events.

Question 8

The extreme skepticism observed in many adolescents is most likely a result of:

Accepted Answer

A)  seeing knowledge as relative rather than as absolute. 
B)  thinking in terms of what's possible rather than what's real. 
C)  thinking about the process of thinking. 
D)  viewing reality in terms of multiple dimensions. 
A)  seeing knowledge as relative rather than as absolute. 
B)  thinking in terms of what's possible rather than what's real. 
C)  thinking about the process of thinking. 
D)  viewing reality in terms of multiple dimensions.

Question 9

All of the following are themes that have emerged from research studies that investigate different aspects of social cognition during adolescence except:

Accepted Answer

A)  as individuals move into and through adolescence they become better able to step outside themselves and see things from other vantage points. 
B)  adolescents are better able to see that the social rules we follow are not absolute and are therefore subject to debate and questioning. 
C)  with age, adolescents develop a more differentiated, more nuanced understanding of social norms. 
D)  with age, all adolescents increasingly reject the authority of adults by challenging and dismissing the morals established by their parents. 
A)  as individuals move into and through adolescence they become better able to step outside themselves and see things from other vantage points. 
B)  adolescents are better able to see that the social rules we follow are not absolute and are therefore subject to debate and questioning. 
C)  with age, adolescents develop a more differentiated, more nuanced understanding of social norms. 
D)  with age, all adolescents increasingly reject the authority of adults by challenging and dismissing the morals established by their parents.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the changes in information-processing abilities during adolescence is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are advances in short-term but not long-term memory. 
B)  The speed of processing information increases. 
C)  Adolescents are more "planful" than children. 
D)  There are advances in selective and divided attention. 
A)  There are advances in short-term but not long-term memory. 
B)  The speed of processing information increases. 
C)  Adolescents are more "planful" than children. 
D)  There are advances in selective and divided attention.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about intelligence in adolescence is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is very little debate regarding what exactly intelligence is. 
B)  The higher an individual's IQ, the smaller the number of same-aged peers who perform equally or better. 
C)  Scientists have not reported any significant correlations between aspects of IQ performance and synaptic pruning in the brain. 
D)  An IQ test is the only way to assess intelligence in adolescence. 
A)  There is very little debate regarding what exactly intelligence is. 
B)  The higher an individual's IQ, the smaller the number of same-aged peers who perform equally or better. 
C)  Scientists have not reported any significant correlations between aspects of IQ performance and synaptic pruning in the brain. 
D)  An IQ test is the only way to assess intelligence in adolescence.

Question 12

Neurons are cells that carry information by transmitting electrical charges across the body. When the electrical charge travels through a neuron, it stimulates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the release of neurotransmitters 
B)  synaptic pruning 
C)  myelination 
D)  the brain to process some piece of information 
A)  the release of neurotransmitters 
B)  synaptic pruning 
C)  myelination 
D)  the brain to process some piece of information

Question 13

Research testing Elkind's theory of adolescent egocentrism has found that certain aspects:

Accepted Answer

A)  peak at age 12 and then drastically decline. 
B)  may remain present throughout the adolescent and adult years. 
C)  are virtually a nonexistent phenomenon in adolescence or adulthood. 
D)  are less prevalent among college students. 
A)  peak at age 12 and then drastically decline. 
B)  may remain present throughout the adolescent and adult years. 
C)  are virtually a nonexistent phenomenon in adolescence or adulthood. 
D)  are less prevalent among college students.

Question 14

Dr. Martino argues that development proceeds in stages and that each stage is marked by fairly consistent behavior. Then, as the child's biological development progresses and new experiences are acquired, a shift occurs and development breaks through to the next level. Dr. Martino's view is most consistent with that expressed by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  triarchic theory of intelligence. 
B)  information-processing perspective. 
C)  psychometric theory. 
D)  Piagetian perspective. 
A)  triarchic theory of intelligence. 
B)  information-processing perspective. 
C)  psychometric theory. 
D)  Piagetian perspective.

Question 15

One aspect of brain maturation that is associated with increases in the speed of neural impulses and improvements in information transmission is:

Accepted Answer

A)  formal operational thought. 
B)  myelination. 
C)  metacognition. 
D)  information-processing gains. 
A)  formal operational thought. 
B)  myelination. 
C)  metacognition. 
D)  information-processing gains.

Question 16

The improvements in organizational strategies seen in adolescence include all but:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing use of mnemonic devices. 
B)  becoming more flexible with strategy use. 
C)  increasing speed of information processing. 
D)  becoming more efficient with strategy use. 
A)  increasing use of mnemonic devices. 
B)  becoming more flexible with strategy use. 
C)  increasing speed of information processing. 
D)  becoming more efficient with strategy use.

Question 17

Adolescents develop the ability to think about social issues, a concept more generally referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  socialization. 
B)  social cognition. 
C)  abstract reasoning. 
D)  metacognition. 
A)  socialization. 
B)  social cognition. 
C)  abstract reasoning. 
D)  metacognition.

Question 18

Which of the following is not one of the five chief changes in cognition during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  multidimensional thought 
B)  metacognition 
C)  abstract reasoning 
D)  increased imagination 
A)  multidimensional thought 
B)  metacognition 
C)  abstract reasoning 
D)  increased imagination

Question 19

Nicole is an adolescent and has experienced changes in cognition and theory of mind capacities. Her mom and dad believe that these changes have both positively and negatively influenced their relationship with their daughter. How would an adolescent development psychologist explain the effects of these normative developmental changes in cognition?

Accepted Answer

With age, adolescents develop a more sop

Question 20

What emotional characteristic makes an individual more likely to engage in risky behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  depression 
B)  moodiness 
C)  sensation seeking 
D)  anxiety 
A)  depression 
B)  moodiness 
C)  sensation seeking 
D)  anxiety

Early in adolescence, moral guidelines are:

The ability to see beyond what is directly observable and reason in terms of what might be possible is called:

According to the textbook, all of the following are potentially successful ways to reduce adolescent risk taking except:

The formation of synapses is:

According to Vygotsky, adolescents learn best when:

All of the following are features of hypothetical thinking, except:

The extreme skepticism observed in many adolescents is most likely a result of:

All of the following are themes that have emerged from research studies that investigate different aspects of social cognition during adolescence except:

Which of the following statements about the changes in information-processing abilities during adolescence is false?

Which of the following statements about intelligence in adolescence is true?

Neurons are cells that carry information by transmitting electrical charges across the body. When the electrical charge travels through a neuron, it stimulates _____.

Research testing Elkind's theory of adolescent egocentrism has found that certain aspects:

One aspect of brain maturation that is associated with increases in the speed of neural impulses and improvements in information transmission is:

The improvements in organizational strategies seen in adolescence include all but:

Adolescents develop the ability to think about social issues, a concept more generally referred to as:

Which of the following is not one of the five chief changes in cognition during adolescence?

What emotional characteristic makes an individual more likely to engage in risky behaviors?

Biological Transitions

Social Transitions

Families

Peer Groups

Schools

Work, Leisure, and Media

Identity

Autonomy

Intimacy

Sexuality

Achievement

Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence

Filters

Exam 2: Cognitive Transitions

Early in adolescence, moral guidelines are:

The ability to see beyond what is directly observable and reason in terms of what might be possible is called:

According to the textbook, all of the following are potentially successful ways to reduce adolescent risk taking except:

The formation of synapses is:

According to Vygotsky, adolescents learn best when:

All of the following are features of hypothetical thinking, except:

The extreme skepticism observed in many adolescents is most likely a result of:

All of the following are themes that have emerged from research studies that investigate different aspects of social cognition during adolescence except:

Which of the following statements about the changes in information-processing abilities during adolescence is false?

Which of the following statements about intelligence in adolescence is true?

Neurons are cells that carry information by transmitting electrical charges across the body. When the electrical charge travels through a neuron, it stimulates _____.

Research testing Elkind's theory of adolescent egocentrism has found that certain aspects:

One aspect of brain maturation that is associated with increases in the speed of neural impulses and improvements in information transmission is:

The improvements in organizational strategies seen in adolescence include all but:

Adolescents develop the ability to think about social issues, a concept more generally referred to as:

Which of the following is not one of the five chief changes in cognition during adolescence?

What emotional characteristic makes an individual more likely to engage in risky behaviors?

Biological Transitions

Social Transitions

Families

Peer Groups

Schools

Work, Leisure, and Media

Identity

Autonomy

Intimacy

Sexuality

Achievement

Psychosocial Problems in Adolescence

Filters