Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of DNA sequencing by chain termination?

Accepted Answer

A)  the enzyme DNA polymerase is used to form a primer that binds to the template DNA 
B)  in order to effectively sequence the DNA, the dideoxynucleotides must be present at a higher concentration than the deoxynucleotides 
C)  the use of 4 unique fluorescent labels attached to the dideoxynucleotides allows for a single reaction to be run 
D)  the dideoxynucleotides lack a 5'-OH and therefore can not serve as acceptors in nucleotide addition 
E)  both B and C are correct 
A)  the enzyme DNA polymerase is used to form a primer that binds to the template DNA 
B)  in order to effectively sequence the DNA, the dideoxynucleotides must be present at a higher concentration than the deoxynucleotides 
C)  the use of 4 unique fluorescent labels attached to the dideoxynucleotides allows for a single reaction to be run 
D)  the dideoxynucleotides lack a 5'-OH and therefore can not serve as acceptors in nucleotide addition 
E)  both B and C are correct

Question 2

What is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand that is complementary to 5'-ATCGCAACTGTCACTA-3'?

Accepted Answer

A)  5'-TAGCGTTGACAGTGAT-3' 
B)  5'-UAGUGACAGUUGCGAU-3' 
C)  5'-TAGCGTTGACAGTGAT-3'. 
D)  5'-TAGTGACAGTTGCGAT-3' 
E)  5'-ATCACTGTCAACGCTA-3' 
A)  5'-TAGCGTTGACAGTGAT-3' 
B)  5'-UAGUGACAGUUGCGAU-3' 
C)  5'-TAGCGTTGACAGTGAT-3'. 
D)  5'-TAGTGACAGTTGCGAT-3' 
E)  5'-ATCACTGTCAACGCTA-3'

Question 3

All are properties of nucleosomes EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  protein spools neatly wrapped with DNA. 
B)  fundamental structural unit in chromatin. 
C)  protein spools made up of pairs of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 octameric aggregates. 
D)  DNA binds histones by ionic bonds of positively charged amino acids and the negative charged phosphate groups. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  protein spools neatly wrapped with DNA. 
B)  fundamental structural unit in chromatin. 
C)  protein spools made up of pairs of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 octameric aggregates. 
D)  DNA binds histones by ionic bonds of positively charged amino acids and the negative charged phosphate groups. 
E)  all are true.

Question 4

rRNA strands exhibit which of the following:

Accepted Answer

A)  instrastrand sequence complementarity 
B)  highly folded patterns including many stem-loop structures 
C)  an anticodon loop 
D)  both a and b 
E)  a, b and c 
A)  instrastrand sequence complementarity 
B)  highly folded patterns including many stem-loop structures 
C)  an anticodon loop 
D)  both a and b 
E)  a, b and c

Question 5

All are characteristics of DNA gyrase in E.coli EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  It hydrolyzes ATP during its reaction mechanism. 
B)  It cuts both strands of a dsDNA. 
C)  It works to induce negative supercoiling in DNA. 
D)  It is classified as a topoisomerase. 
E)  All are true. 
A)  It hydrolyzes ATP during its reaction mechanism. 
B)  It cuts both strands of a dsDNA. 
C)  It works to induce negative supercoiling in DNA. 
D)  It is classified as a topoisomerase. 
E)  All are true.

Question 6

DNA double helix structure is stabilized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the sugar-phosphate backbones are oriented in opposite directions. 
B)  the glycosidic bonds holding paired bases are directly across the helix from one another. 
C)  cations such as Mg2+ bind to the anionic phosphates. 
D)  bases stack together through hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces. 
E)  appropriate base pairing builds a polymer whose external dimensions are uniform. 
A)  the sugar-phosphate backbones are oriented in opposite directions. 
B)  the glycosidic bonds holding paired bases are directly across the helix from one another. 
C)  cations such as Mg2+ bind to the anionic phosphates. 
D)  bases stack together through hydrophobic interactions and van der Waals forces. 
E)  appropriate base pairing builds a polymer whose external dimensions are uniform.

Question 7

Discuss the chain termination protocol in Sanger's chain termination method to find the sequence of an unknown DNA fragment.​

Accepted Answer

A DNA fragment of unknown sequence serve

Question 8

Which of the following histone proteins has only one copy per nucleosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  H1 
B)  H2A 
C)  H2B 
D)  H3 
E)  H4 
A)  H1 
B)  H2A 
C)  H2B 
D)  H3 
E)  H4

Question 9

All of the following are characteristics for in vitro DNA synthesis EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in a 5'→3' direction. 
B)  The primer strand of DNA determines the nucleotides added. 
C)  Correct hydrogen bonding is the primary check of the newly synthesized DNA. 
D)  A primer strand must contain a free 3'-OH. 
E)  DNA polymerase copies the complementary strand of DNA. 
A)  DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in a 5'→3' direction. 
B)  The primer strand of DNA determines the nucleotides added. 
C)  Correct hydrogen bonding is the primary check of the newly synthesized DNA. 
D)  A primer strand must contain a free 3'-OH. 
E)  DNA polymerase copies the complementary strand of DNA.

Question 10

How is a fluorescent tag that is unique for each nucleotide incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA using the chain termination protocol for DNA sequencing?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each of the ddNTPs is labeled with a specific fluorophore 
B)  The primer strand is labeled with a specific fluorophore 
C)  The template strand is labeled prior to the experiment with complimentary fluorophores 
D)  The 5'-end is labeled with a fluorophore. 
E)  All dNTPs are labeled with a fluorophore 
A)  Each of the ddNTPs is labeled with a specific fluorophore 
B)  The primer strand is labeled with a specific fluorophore 
C)  The template strand is labeled prior to the experiment with complimentary fluorophores 
D)  The 5'-end is labeled with a fluorophore. 
E)  All dNTPs are labeled with a fluorophore

Question 11

B-DNA is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  12 base pairs per helix turn 
B)  helix axis runs through the minor groove 
C)  a wide major groove an narrow minor groove 
D)  right-handed helix 
E)  both C and D are correct 
A)  12 base pairs per helix turn 
B)  helix axis runs through the minor groove 
C)  a wide major groove an narrow minor groove 
D)  right-handed helix 
E)  both C and D are correct

Question 12

Phylogenetic comparisons of secondary structures of rRNAs from a variety of species reveals ____ structures and ____ nucleotide sequences of the rRNAs themselves.

Accepted Answer

A)  strikingly similar; high degree of similarity 
B)  strikingly similar; low degree of similarity 
C)  dissimilar; high degree of similarity 
D)  dissimilar; low degree of similarity 
E)  none of the above 
A)  strikingly similar; high degree of similarity 
B)  strikingly similar; low degree of similarity 
C)  dissimilar; high degree of similarity 
D)  dissimilar; low degree of similarity 
E)  none of the above

Question 13

DNA intercalating agents include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  ethidium bromide. 
B)  actinomycin D. 
C)  acridine orange. 
D)  streptomycin. 
E)  all are true. 
A)  ethidium bromide. 
B)  actinomycin D. 
C)  acridine orange. 
D)  streptomycin. 
E)  all are true.

Question 14

Discuss SMC proteins.​

Accepted Answer

The process of chromatin organization in

Question 15

The function of DNA topoisomerases is:

Accepted Answer

A)  packaging DNA into nucleosomes. 
B)  forming cruciform DNA. 
C)  unwinding G:C rich areas in DNA. 
D)  breaking one or more strands of DNA, winding them tighter or looser, and rejoining the ends. 
E)  promoting DNA hybridization. 
A)  packaging DNA into nucleosomes. 
B)  forming cruciform DNA. 
C)  unwinding G:C rich areas in DNA. 
D)  breaking one or more strands of DNA, winding them tighter or looser, and rejoining the ends. 
E)  promoting DNA hybridization.

Exam 11: Structure of Nucleic Acids

Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of DNA sequencing by chain termination?

What is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand that is complementary to 5'-ATCGCAACTGTCACTA-3'?

All are properties of nucleosomes EXCEPT:

rRNA strands exhibit which of the following:

All are characteristics of DNA gyrase in E.coli EXCEPT:

DNA double helix structure is stabilized by all of the following EXCEPT:

Discuss the chain termination protocol in Sanger's chain termination method to find the sequence of an unknown DNA fragment.​

Which of the following histone proteins has only one copy per nucleosome?

All of the following are characteristics for in vitro DNA synthesis EXCEPT:

How is a fluorescent tag that is unique for each nucleotide incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA using the chain termination protocol for DNA sequencing?

B-DNA is characterized by which of the following?

Phylogenetic comparisons of secondary structures of rRNAs from a variety of species reveals ____ structures and ____ nucleotide sequences of the rRNAs themselves.

DNA intercalating agents include all of the following EXCEPT:

Discuss SMC proteins.​

The function of DNA topoisomerases is:

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Metabolism: an Overview

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Lipid Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

Discuss the chain termination protocol in Sanger's chain termination method to find the sequence of an unknown DNA fragment.

Phylogenetic comparisons of secondary structures of rRNAs from a variety of species reveals structures and nucleotide sequences of the rRNAs themselves.

Discuss SMC proteins.