Question 1

In a double-stranded nucleic acid, guanine typically base-pairs with:

Accepted Answer

A)  adenosine. 
B)  uracil. 
C)  inosine. 
D)  thymine. 
E)  cytosine. 
A)  adenosine. 
B)  uracil. 
C)  inosine. 
D)  thymine. 
E)  cytosine.

Question 2

Discuss the types and functions of RNA.​

Accepted Answer

The central function of RNA is informati

Question 3

All are true for enzymes that cleave nucleic acids EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  They are of the lyase class of enzymes. 
B)  They are called nucleases. 
C)  They belong to the sub-class of phosphodiesterases. 
D)  They are found in all cells for "house keeping", and secreted by the pancreas for digestion. 
E)  They are found in fungi and snake venoms 
A)  They are of the lyase class of enzymes. 
B)  They are called nucleases. 
C)  They belong to the sub-class of phosphodiesterases. 
D)  They are found in all cells for "house keeping", and secreted by the pancreas for digestion. 
E)  They are found in fungi and snake venoms

Question 4

Which molecule contains an phosphoanhydride bond?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  AMP 
C)  UDP 
D)  RNA 
E)  cAMP 
A)  DNA 
B)  AMP 
C)  UDP 
D)  RNA 
E)  cAMP

Question 5

The net charge on nucleotide monophosphates is:

Accepted Answer

A)  +1 
B)  0 
C)  −1 
D)  −2 
E)  −3 
A)  +1 
B)  0 
C)  −1 
D)  −2 
E)  −3

Question 6

Which of the following statements correctly identifies a type II restriction endonuclease?

Accepted Answer

A)  They work on both DNA and RNA. 
B)  They recognize a palindromic sequence and cut just before the palindromic sequence. 
C)  The result of this endonuclease is blunt ends. 
D)  They degrade DNA by subsequently removing bases from each end. 
E)  They cut DNA only at sites in specific nucleotide sequences with a two-fold axis of symmetry. 
A)  They work on both DNA and RNA. 
B)  They recognize a palindromic sequence and cut just before the palindromic sequence. 
C)  The result of this endonuclease is blunt ends. 
D)  They degrade DNA by subsequently removing bases from each end. 
E)  They cut DNA only at sites in specific nucleotide sequences with a two-fold axis of symmetry.

Question 7

What is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand that is complementary to 5'-ATCGCAACTGTCACTA-3'?

Accepted Answer

A)  5'-TAGCGTTGACAGTGAT-3'. 
B)  5'-UAGUGACAGUUGCGAU-3' 
C)  5'-TAGCGTTGACAGTGAT-3' 
D)  5'-TAGTGACAGTTGCGAT-3'. 
E)  5'-ATCACTGTCAACGCTA-3' 
A)  5'-TAGCGTTGACAGTGAT-3'. 
B)  5'-UAGUGACAGUUGCGAU-3' 
C)  5'-TAGCGTTGACAGTGAT-3' 
D)  5'-TAGTGACAGTTGCGAT-3'. 
E)  5'-ATCACTGTCAACGCTA-3'

Question 8

____ are attached to hnRNAs and mRNAs after transcription has been completed and is essential for efficient translation and stability of the mRNAs.

Accepted Answer

A)  exons 
B)  entrons 
C)  poly(
A)  tails 
D)  poly(U) tails 
E)  All are true 
A)  exons 
B)  entrons 
C)  poly(
A)  tails 
D)  poly(U) tails 
E)  All are true

Question 9

Describe the types of restriction endonucleases.​

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzymes are classified into

Question 10

____ is the most oxidized state for a purine derivative and is ____ found in nucleic acids.

Accepted Answer

A)  Guanine; always 
B)  Adenine; always 
C)  Hypoxanthine; never 
D)  Xanthine; always 
E)  Uric acid; never 
A)  Guanine; always 
B)  Adenine; always 
C)  Hypoxanthine; never 
D)  Xanthine; always 
E)  Uric acid; never

Question 11

Complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids liberates all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  2-deoxyribose from DNA. 
B)  nitrogenous bases. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  phosphoric acid. 
E)  ribose from RNA. 
A)  2-deoxyribose from DNA. 
B)  nitrogenous bases. 
C)  amino acids. 
D)  phosphoric acid. 
E)  ribose from RNA.

Question 12

All are necessary for restriction endonuclease mapping of DNA molecules EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Determining the 5'- and/or 3'-ends of the molecule. 
B)  Electrophoresis of fragments. 
C)  Hydrolysis with two or more endonucleases. 
D)  Knowing where each endonuclease hydrolyzes. 
E)  All are true. 
A)  Determining the 5'- and/or 3'-ends of the molecule. 
B)  Electrophoresis of fragments. 
C)  Hydrolysis with two or more endonucleases. 
D)  Knowing where each endonuclease hydrolyzes. 
E)  All are true.

Question 13

In phosphoryl group transfer reactions, the ____ of the nucleotide serves as an information symbol, channeling the nucleotide to appropriate metabolic activities.

Accepted Answer

A)  sugar 
B)  diphosphate anhydride 
C)  sugar-phosphate ester 
D)  base 
E)  none are true 
A)  sugar 
B)  diphosphate anhydride 
C)  sugar-phosphate ester 
D)  base 
E)  none are true

Question 14

Nucleotide triphosphates and nucleotide diphosphates often form stable complexes with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ 
B)  Fe+3 
C)  K+ 
D)  Mg+2 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Na+ 
B)  Fe+3 
C)  K+ 
D)  Mg+2 
E)  None of the above.

Question 15

Explain the packaging of DNA in eukaryotic cells.​

Accepted Answer

The DNA molecules of eukaryotic cells, e

Question 16

In eukaryotic cells, a class of ____- and ____-rich proteins called ____ interact ionically with the anionic phosphate groups in the DNA backbone to form ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  lysine; leucine; prions; ribosomes 
B)  arginine; lysine; histones; nucleosomes 
C)  arginine; alanine; histones; nucleosomes 
D)  arginine; lysine; prions; ribosomes 
E)  none are true. 
A)  lysine; leucine; prions; ribosomes 
B)  arginine; lysine; histones; nucleosomes 
C)  arginine; alanine; histones; nucleosomes 
D)  arginine; lysine; prions; ribosomes 
E)  none are true.

Question 17

Nucleosides are relatively stable to ____ hydrolysis, and pyrimidine nucleotides are stable to ____ hydrolysis, but purine nucleotides are unstable to ____ hydrolysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  base; acid; acid 
B)  base; base; acid 
C)  acid; base; base 
D)  acid; acid; base 
E)  none are true 
A)  base; acid; acid 
B)  base; base; acid 
C)  acid; base; base 
D)  acid; acid; base 
E)  none are true

Question 18

Which of the following restriction sites would provide staggered 3'ends? The restriction site in each sequence is shown with an arrow.

Accepted Answer

A)  5'-T↓TCGAA-3' 
B)  5'-GTT↓AAC-3' 
C)  5'-CCC↓GGG-3' 
D)  5'-CTGCA↓G-3' 
E)  none of the above 
A)  5'-T↓TCGAA-3' 
B)  5'-GTT↓AAC-3' 
C)  5'-CCC↓GGG-3' 
D)  5'-CTGCA↓G-3' 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

Inosine, one of the common alternative bases found in RNA, is shown below. How would inosine form hydrogen bonds in a double helical section of RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 H-bond donor group, 0 H-bond acceptor groups 
B)  0 H-bond donor groups, 1 H-bond acceptor group 
C)  1 H-bond donor group, 1 H-bond acceptor group 
D)  2 H-bond donor groups, 1 H-bond acceptor group 
E)  1 H-bond donor group, 2 H-bond acceptor groups 
A)  1 H-bond donor group, 0 H-bond acceptor groups 
B)  0 H-bond donor groups, 1 H-bond acceptor group 
C)  1 H-bond donor group, 1 H-bond acceptor group 
D)  2 H-bond donor groups, 1 H-bond acceptor group 
E)  1 H-bond donor group, 2 H-bond acceptor groups

Exam 10: Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

In a double-stranded nucleic acid, guanine typically base-pairs with:

Discuss the types and functions of RNA.​

All are true for enzymes that cleave nucleic acids EXCEPT:

Which molecule contains an phosphoanhydride bond?

The net charge on nucleotide monophosphates is:

Which of the following statements correctly identifies a type II restriction endonuclease?

What is the nucleotide sequence of the DNA strand that is complementary to 5'-ATCGCAACTGTCACTA-3'?

____ are attached to hnRNAs and mRNAs after transcription has been completed and is essential for efficient translation and stability of the mRNAs.

Describe the types of restriction endonucleases.​

____ is the most oxidized state for a purine derivative and is ____ found in nucleic acids.

Complete hydrolysis of nucleic acids liberates all of the following EXCEPT:

All are necessary for restriction endonuclease mapping of DNA molecules EXCEPT:

In phosphoryl group transfer reactions, the ____ of the nucleotide serves as an information symbol, channeling the nucleotide to appropriate metabolic activities.

Nucleotide triphosphates and nucleotide diphosphates often form stable complexes with:

Explain the packaging of DNA in eukaryotic cells.​

In eukaryotic cells, a class of ____- and ____-rich proteins called ____ interact ionically with the anionic phosphate groups in the DNA backbone to form ____.

Nucleosides are relatively stable to ____ hydrolysis, and pyrimidine nucleotides are stable to ____ hydrolysis, but purine nucleotides are unstable to ____ hydrolysis.

Which of the following restriction sites would provide staggered 3'ends? The restriction site in each sequence is shown with an arrow.

Inosine, one of the common alternative bases found in RNA, is shown below. How would inosine form hydrogen bonds in a double helical section of RNA?

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids and the Peptide Bond

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, Tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Membranes and Membrane Transport

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna, Cloning, Chimeric Genes, and Synthetic Biology

Enzymeskinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Metabolism: an Overview

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Lipid Biosynthesis

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

Dna Metabolism: Replication, Recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, Processing, and Degradation

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Filters

Discuss the types and functions of RNA.

Describe the types of restriction endonucleases.

is the most oxidized state for a purine derivative and is found in nucleic acids.

Explain the packaging of DNA in eukaryotic cells.

In eukaryotic cells, a class of - and -rich proteins called interact ionically with the anionic phosphate groups in the DNA backbone to form .

Nucleosides are relatively stable to hydrolysis, and pyrimidine nucleotides are stable to hydrolysis, but purine nucleotides are unstable to hydrolysis.