Question 1

Fewer than 50 minerals are

Accepted Answer

A)  found on the Earth. 
B)  used for industrial purposes. 
C)  found in the crust. 
D)  commonly found in rocks. 
A)  found on the Earth. 
B)  used for industrial purposes. 
C)  found in the crust. 
D)  commonly found in rocks.

Question 2

Describe several examples of minerals that can be harmful and the hazards they pose.

Accepted Answer

Asbestos is a term used to describe a gr

Question 3

Minerals are grouped into mineral classes primarily on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)  chemistry,specifically the cations within the chemical formula. 
B)  chemistry,specifically the anions within the chemical formula. 
C)  hardness; hard,soft,and medium are the three primary classes. 
D)  the number of cleavage directions present. 
A)  chemistry,specifically the cations within the chemical formula. 
B)  chemistry,specifically the anions within the chemical formula. 
C)  hardness; hard,soft,and medium are the three primary classes. 
D)  the number of cleavage directions present.

Question 4

SiO44-,S2-,and CO32- are all examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  organic compounds. 
B)  silicate minerals. 
C)  anions. 
D)  cations. 
A)  organic compounds. 
B)  silicate minerals. 
C)  anions. 
D)  cations.

Question 5

Gemstones are often found in pegmatites,which are igneous rocks that are

Accepted Answer

A)  exceptionally mafic. 
B)  extrusive,forming from lava. 
C)  exceptionally coarse grained. 
D)  exceptionally fine grained. 
A)  exceptionally mafic. 
B)  extrusive,forming from lava. 
C)  exceptionally coarse grained. 
D)  exceptionally fine grained.

Question 6

Diamond and graphite are both polymorphs of

Accepted Answer

A)  silicon. 
B)  iron. 
C)  magnesium. 
D)  carbon. 
A)  silicon. 
B)  iron. 
C)  magnesium. 
D)  carbon.

Question 7

When a solution becomes oversaturated,new solid particles are said to

Accepted Answer

A)  precipitate from the solution. 
B)  dissolve into the solution. 
C)  react with the solution and produce heat. 
D)  rapidly expand,causing an explosion. 
A)  precipitate from the solution. 
B)  dissolve into the solution. 
C)  react with the solution and produce heat. 
D)  rapidly expand,causing an explosion.

Question 8

A mineral property defined as the density of the mineral sample divided by the density of water (1.0 g/cm3)is

Accepted Answer

A)  mass. 
B)  specific gravity. 
C)  luster. 
D)  streak. 
A)  mass. 
B)  specific gravity. 
C)  luster. 
D)  streak.

Question 9

For the majority of minerals,the streak obtained when the mineral is scratched against a porcelain plate is

Accepted Answer

A)  only useful if the mineral is softer than the porcelain streak plate. 
B)  always diagnostic of that mineral. 
C)  not useful,because the porcelain will often chemically react with the mineral. 
D)  always dark brown or black. 
A)  only useful if the mineral is softer than the porcelain streak plate. 
B)  always diagnostic of that mineral. 
C)  not useful,because the porcelain will often chemically react with the mineral. 
D)  always dark brown or black.

Question 10

Naturally forming glass (such as obsidian)is NOT considered a mineral because it

Accepted Answer

A)  is not produced by geologic processes. 
B)  is organic. 
C)  does not have a fixed crystalline structure. 
D)  can be made synthetically as well as occur naturally. 
A)  is not produced by geologic processes. 
B)  is organic. 
C)  does not have a fixed crystalline structure. 
D)  can be made synthetically as well as occur naturally.

Question 11

Why are minerals often referred to as "the building blocks of Earth?"

Accepted Answer

The Earth is made up of many d

Question 12

The pattern of atoms in a crystal can be detected using

Accepted Answer

A)  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 
B)  X-ray diffraction. 
C)  thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). 
D)  cathodized axial tomography (CAT). 
A)  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 
B)  X-ray diffraction. 
C)  thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). 
D)  cathodized axial tomography (CAT).

Question 13

Ore minerals,such as galena and hematite,tend to be different from typical minerals in that they have a

Accepted Answer

A)  very dark color. 
B)  diamond-like crystal habit. 
C)  high specific gravity. 
D)  vitreous luster. 
A)  very dark color. 
B)  diamond-like crystal habit. 
C)  high specific gravity. 
D)  vitreous luster.

Question 14

The atomic mass of an element approximately equals the number of

Accepted Answer

A)  electrons. 
B)  protons plus neutrons. 
C)  neutrons. 
D)  protons. 
A)  electrons. 
B)  protons plus neutrons. 
C)  neutrons. 
D)  protons.

Question 15

The way a mineral scatters light is a diagnostic property termed

Accepted Answer

A)  color. 
B)  reflectivity. 
C)  luster. 
D)  streak. 
A)  color. 
B)  reflectivity. 
C)  luster. 
D)  streak.

Question 16

Minerals are all naturally occurring solid substances with a definable chemical composition.They must also possess

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to be synthesized in the laboratory as well as be found in nature. 
B)  metallic elements,such as iron,calcium,or magnesium. 
C)  metallic luster. 
D)  a fixed crystalline structure (spatial arrangement of atoms and ions). 
A)  the ability to be synthesized in the laboratory as well as be found in nature. 
B)  metallic elements,such as iron,calcium,or magnesium. 
C)  metallic luster. 
D)  a fixed crystalline structure (spatial arrangement of atoms and ions).

Question 17

Which of the following choices lists atomic particles ordered from smallest to largest in size?

Accepted Answer

A)  atom,nucleus,proton,electron 
B)  electron,proton,nucleus,atom 
C)  proton,electron,nucleus,atom 
D)  atom,electron,nucleus,proton 
A)  atom,nucleus,proton,electron 
B)  electron,proton,nucleus,atom 
C)  proton,electron,nucleus,atom 
D)  atom,electron,nucleus,proton

Question 18

Hardness refers to a mineral's ability to resist

Accepted Answer

A)  breaking. 
B)  being scratched. 
C)  chemically reacting with other substances. 
D)  weathering. 
A)  breaking. 
B)  being scratched. 
C)  chemically reacting with other substances. 
D)  weathering.

Question 19

The tendency for minerals to break along distinct planar surfaces that have a specific orientation in relation to the crystal structure is called

Accepted Answer

A)  fracture. 
B)  cleavage. 
C)  specific gravity. 
D)  hardness. 
A)  fracture. 
B)  cleavage. 
C)  specific gravity. 
D)  hardness.

Question 20

Based on the definition of a mineral,explain why a diamond created in a laboratory is not considered a mineral.

Accepted Answer

Lab-grown diamonds are human-m

Exam 5: Patterns in Nature: Minerals

Fewer than 50 minerals are

Describe several examples of minerals that can be harmful and the hazards they pose.

Minerals are grouped into mineral classes primarily on the basis of

SiO44-,S2-,and CO32- are all examples of

Gemstones are often found in pegmatites,which are igneous rocks that are

Diamond and graphite are both polymorphs of

When a solution becomes oversaturated,new solid particles are said to

A mineral property defined as the density of the mineral sample divided by the density of water (1.0 g/cm3)is

For the majority of minerals,the streak obtained when the mineral is scratched against a porcelain plate is

Naturally forming glass (such as obsidian)is NOT considered a mineral because it

Why are minerals often referred to as "the building blocks of Earth?"

The pattern of atoms in a crystal can be detected using

Ore minerals,such as galena and hematite,tend to be different from typical minerals in that they have a

The atomic mass of an element approximately equals the number of

The way a mineral scatters light is a diagnostic property termed

Minerals are all naturally occurring solid substances with a definable chemical composition.They must also possess

Which of the following choices lists atomic particles ordered from smallest to largest in size?

Hardness refers to a mineral's ability to resist

The tendency for minerals to break along distinct planar surfaces that have a specific orientation in relation to the crystal structure is called

Based on the definition of a mineral,explain why a diamond created in a laboratory is not considered a mineral.

Cosmology and the Birth of the Earth

Journey to the Center of the Earth

Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas

The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics

Up From the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks

Pages of Earths Past: Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphism: a Process of Change

The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions

A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes

Crags,cracks,and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Deep Time: How Old Is Old

A Biography of the Earth

Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources

Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Movements

Streams and Floods: the Geology of Running Water

Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts

A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater

An Envelope of Gas: the Earths Atmosphere and Climate

Dry Regions: the Geology of Deserts

Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages

Global Change in the Earth System

Introducing Rocks

a Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

the Rock Cycle in the Earth System

the Earths Interior, Revisited: Seismic Layering, Gravity, and the Magnetic Field

Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution

Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle

Prelude: and Just What Is Geology

Filters

SiO₄^4-,S^2-,and CO₃^2- are all examples of

A mineral property defined as the density of the mineral sample divided by the density of water (1.0 g/cm³)is