Question 1

Using this plot of annual peak discharge,which of the following sizes of flood is most likely to be exceeded in any given year?

Accepted Answer

A) 4,000 cubic meters per second 
B) 1,000 cubic meters per second 
C) 200 cubic meters per second 
D) 100-year flood 
A) 4,000 cubic meters per second 
B) 1,000 cubic meters per second 
C) 200 cubic meters per second 
D) 100-year flood

Question 2

Which of the following is unlikely to cause deposition of sediment along a stream?

Accepted Answer

A) A decrease in gradient 
B) A decrease in water velocity 
C) A drop in sea level 
D) None of these are correct. 
A) A decrease in gradient 
B) A decrease in water velocity 
C) A drop in sea level 
D) None of these are correct.

Question 3

What units of measure would most likely be represented by letters A-E on the bottom of the accompanying hydrograph?

Accepted Answer

A) Meters 
B) Hours 
C) Kilograms 
D) Miles 
A) Meters 
B) Hours 
C) Kilograms 
D) Miles

Question 4

Which of the following lessons was illustrated by flood data from the Colorado River and from the Yellowstone River?

Accepted Answer

A) Fifty years is a long enough record to record all but a 100-year flood. 
B) The largest flood possible along a river is likely to have been witnessed by humans. 
C) Few floods are ever larger than 10,000 cubic meters per second. 
D) None of these are correct. 
A) Fifty years is a long enough record to record all but a 100-year flood. 
B) The largest flood possible along a river is likely to have been witnessed by humans. 
C) Few floods are ever larger than 10,000 cubic meters per second. 
D) None of these are correct.

Question 5

If erosion and deposition occur at the same rate,how can we best describe the particles of sediment on a streambed?

Accepted Answer

A) Only very small particles will be present along the stream bottom. 
B) Particles neither move in,nor move out of this part of the stream. 
C) As the sediment moves downstream,it is replaced by a similar volume of sediment. 
D) Pebbles and cobbles carried away are replaced by the same number of smaller particles. 
A) Only very small particles will be present along the stream bottom. 
B) Particles neither move in,nor move out of this part of the stream. 
C) As the sediment moves downstream,it is replaced by a similar volume of sediment. 
D) Pebbles and cobbles carried away are replaced by the same number of smaller particles.

Question 6

What is the most important data for studying the potential for flooding along a river for several decades into the future?

Accepted Answer

A) Precipitation records 
B) Newspaper accounts of previous floods 
C) Satellite photographs taken every 10 years 
D) Discharge data from stream gauges 
A) Precipitation records 
B) Newspaper accounts of previous floods 
C) Satellite photographs taken every 10 years 
D) Discharge data from stream gauges

Question 7

What typically happens when tributaries join the main river?

Accepted Answer

A) Channel size increases 
B) Water velocity increases 
C) The amount of discharge increases 
D) Total sediment load increases 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) Channel size increases 
B) Water velocity increases 
C) The amount of discharge increases 
D) Total sediment load increases 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 8

What is not true about terraces?

Accepted Answer

A) Most terraces were once part of a floodplain. 
B) According to superposition,the lowest terrace is the oldest. 
C) Terraces develop along a river that is incising (eroding)downward. 
D) A river can have more than one level of terraces. 
A) Most terraces were once part of a floodplain. 
B) According to superposition,the lowest terrace is the oldest. 
C) Terraces develop along a river that is incising (eroding)downward. 
D) A river can have more than one level of terraces.

Question 9

What are some effects of building a dam?

Accepted Answer

A) A stream has more sediment below the dam and so can erode more efficiently. 
B) The reservoir (lake)traps sediment that over time fills up part of the reservoir. 
C) A dam,whether constructed by nature or by humans,represents a permanent change in base level. 
D) The stream erodes into the land instead of depositing sediment,where it enters the reservoir. 
A) A stream has more sediment below the dam and so can erode more efficiently. 
B) The reservoir (lake)traps sediment that over time fills up part of the reservoir. 
C) A dam,whether constructed by nature or by humans,represents a permanent change in base level. 
D) The stream erodes into the land instead of depositing sediment,where it enters the reservoir.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about transport of sediment in a stream?

Accepted Answer

A) Pebbles and cobbles are mostly transported by suspension. 
B) Sediment that is deposited within a stream bed is unlikely to be transported again. 
C) Sand can be transported in a series of bounces along the stream bed. 
D) Slower current can carry larger clasts because the water is in contact with each clast for a longer time. 
E) Sand grains are converted into salt by the process of saltation. 
A) Pebbles and cobbles are mostly transported by suspension. 
B) Sediment that is deposited within a stream bed is unlikely to be transported again. 
C) Sand can be transported in a series of bounces along the stream bed. 
D) Slower current can carry larger clasts because the water is in contact with each clast for a longer time. 
E) Sand grains are converted into salt by the process of saltation.

Question 11

Based on the accompanying hydrograph,what was the stream discharge when the data period shown in the graph ended?

Accepted Answer

A) 1.8 meters per second 
B) 4 meters per second 
C) 4 cubic meters per second 
D) 9 cubic meters per second 
E) 10 cubic meters per second 
A) 1.8 meters per second 
B) 4 meters per second 
C) 4 cubic meters per second 
D) 9 cubic meters per second 
E) 10 cubic meters per second

Question 12

If a stream drops 15 meters in 15 kilometers,what is its gradient?

Accepted Answer

A) 100% 
B) 1 meter per kilometer 
C) 15 meters per kilometer 
D) 15 kilometers per meter 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) 100% 
B) 1 meter per kilometer 
C) 15 meters per kilometer 
D) 15 kilometers per meter 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 13

In this landscape,the location that would be best for agricultural fields is probably

Accepted Answer

A) Location A. 
B) Location B. 
C) Location C. 
D) Location D. 
E) Location E. 
A) Location A. 
B) Location B. 
C) Location C. 
D) Location D. 
E) Location E.

Question 14

Which of the following features is most related to erosion along a low-gradient stream?

Accepted Answer

A) Point bar 
B) Floodplain 
C) Levee 
D) None of these are correct. 
A) Point bar 
B) Floodplain 
C) Levee 
D) None of these are correct.

Question 15

The lowest notch shown on this figure is 9 meters wide and 5 meters high from its base.The river has a velocity of 0.7 meters per second when it fills the notch.Based on the accompanying graph,what is the probability each year that the notch will be filled to the top?

Accepted Answer

A) 80% to 95% 
B) 60% to 70% 
C) 40% to 45% 
D) Less than 40% 
E) None of these are correct. 
A) 80% to 95% 
B) 60% to 70% 
C) 40% to 45% 
D) Less than 40% 
E) None of these are correct.

Question 16

Which of the following features can be formed by deposition along a low-gradient stream?

Accepted Answer

A) Point bar 
B) Oxbow lake 
C) Cut bank 
D) None of these are correct. 
A) Point bar 
B) Oxbow lake 
C) Cut bank 
D) None of these are correct.

Question 17

What is a stream's discharge rate if it has a width of 10 meters,a depth of 2 meters,and a velocity of 2 meters per second?

Accepted Answer

A) 400 cubic meters per second 
B) 120 cubic meters per second 
C) 40 cubic meters per second 
D) 22 cubic meters per second 
E) 14 cubic meters per second 
A) 400 cubic meters per second 
B) 120 cubic meters per second 
C) 40 cubic meters per second 
D) 22 cubic meters per second 
E) 14 cubic meters per second

Question 18

This plot shows the highest flow event that occurred each year on the Yellowstone River between 1924 and the 1990s.What is the maximum size of flood that probably can occur here?

Accepted Answer

A) Up to 8,000 cubic meters per second 
B) More than 8,000 cubic meters per second and less than 9,000 cubic meters per second 
C) Anything less than 9,000 cubic meters per second 
D) More than 9,000 cubic meters per second is possible 
A) Up to 8,000 cubic meters per second 
B) More than 8,000 cubic meters per second and less than 9,000 cubic meters per second 
C) Anything less than 9,000 cubic meters per second 
D) More than 9,000 cubic meters per second is possible

Question 19

The size of clasts that a stream can carry is primarily controlled by

Accepted Answer

A) the water temperature. 
B) the amount of dissolved and suspended load of a stream. 
C) how close the stream is to the ocean. 
D) the velocity and turbulence of the current. 
E) whether it is a permanent or ephemeral stream. 
A) the water temperature. 
B) the amount of dissolved and suspended load of a stream. 
C) how close the stream is to the ocean. 
D) the velocity and turbulence of the current. 
E) whether it is a permanent or ephemeral stream.

Question 20

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is an oxbow lake?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D

Using this plot of annual peak discharge,which of the following sizes of flood is most likely to be exceeded in any given year?

Which of the following is unlikely to cause deposition of sediment along a stream?

What units of measure would most likely be represented by letters A-E on the bottom of the accompanying hydrograph?

Which of the following lessons was illustrated by flood data from the Colorado River and from the Yellowstone River?

If erosion and deposition occur at the same rate,how can we best describe the particles of sediment on a streambed?

What is the most important data for studying the potential for flooding along a river for several decades into the future?

What typically happens when tributaries join the main river?

What is not true about terraces?

What are some effects of building a dam?

Which of the following is true about transport of sediment in a stream?

Based on the accompanying hydrograph,what was the stream discharge when the data period shown in the graph ended?

If a stream drops 15 meters in 15 kilometers,what is its gradient?

In this landscape,the location that would be best for agricultural fields is probably

Which of the following features is most related to erosion along a low-gradient stream?

The lowest notch shown on this figure is 9 meters wide and 5 meters high from its base.The river has a velocity of 0.7 meters per second when it fills the notch.Based on the accompanying graph,what is the probability each year that the notch will be filled to the top?

Which of the following features can be formed by deposition along a low-gradient stream?

What is a stream's discharge rate if it has a width of 10 meters,a depth of 2 meters,and a velocity of 2 meters per second?

This plot shows the highest flow event that occurred each year on the Yellowstone River between 1924 and the 1990s.What is the maximum size of flood that probably can occur here?

The size of clasts that a stream can carry is primarily controlled by

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is an oxbow lake?

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Exam 13: Streams and Flooding

Using this plot of annual peak discharge,which of the following sizes of flood is most likely to be exceeded in any given year?

Which of the following is unlikely to cause deposition of sediment along a stream?

What units of measure would most likely be represented by letters A-E on the bottom of the accompanying hydrograph?

Which of the following lessons was illustrated by flood data from the Colorado River and from the Yellowstone River?

If erosion and deposition occur at the same rate,how can we best describe the particles of sediment on a streambed?

What is the most important data for studying the potential for flooding along a river for several decades into the future?

What typically happens when tributaries join the main river?

What is not true about terraces?

What are some effects of building a dam?

Which of the following is true about transport of sediment in a stream?

Based on the accompanying hydrograph,what was the stream discharge when the data period shown in the graph ended?

If a stream drops 15 meters in 15 kilometers,what is its gradient?

In this landscape,the location that would be best for agricultural fields is probably

Which of the following features is most related to erosion along a low-gradient stream?

The lowest notch shown on this figure is 9 meters wide and 5 meters high from its base.The river has a velocity of 0.7 meters per second when it fills the notch.Based on the accompanying graph,what is the probability each year that the notch will be filled to the top?

Which of the following features can be formed by deposition along a low-gradient stream?

What is a stream's discharge rate if it has a width of 10 meters,a depth of 2 meters,and a velocity of 2 meters per second?

This plot shows the highest flow event that occurred each year on the Yellowstone River between 1924 and the 1990s.What is the maximum size of flood that probably can occur here?

The size of clasts that a stream can carry is primarily controlled by

Which of the features on this aerial photograph is an oxbow lake?

The Nature of Physical Geography

Energy and Matter in the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Motion

Atmospheric Moisture

Weather Systems and Severe Weather

Atmosphere-Ocean-Cryosphere Interactions

Climates Around the World

Water Resources

Understanding Landscapes

Plate Tectonics and Regional Features

Volcanoes,deformation,and Earthquakes

Weathering and Mass Wasting

Glaciers and Glacial Landforms

Coasts and Changing Sea Levels

Soils

Ecosystems and Biogeochemical Cycles

Biomes

Filters