Exam 11: Long-Term Memory Iii: Retrieval and Forgetting

What device did Benjamin Franklin invent to help people read better? It may take you a long time to think of the answer-bifocal lenses-because Ben was responsible for so many other inventions as well. In this situation, your lengthy retrieval time can best be explained in terms of:

Given what we know about the effects of retrieval cues on retrieval, in which one of the following situations are students most likely to remember how the word people is spelled?

Trisha can remember the five Great Lakes (Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior) by remembering "HOMES," because one of the Great Lakes begins with each of the five letters. What kind of retrieval cue is HOMES providing for Trisha?

When Gianna returns to college after a summer touring France, she tells her roommate about her many experiences. She does not always remember them accurately, however, so she fills in the gaps in her memory with logical details about how things "must" have happened. Several weeks later, she is telling another friend about her trip. Gianna will probably:

Explain the role that construction plays in retrieval. Give a concrete example of how construction can help retrieval. Also, give a concrete example of how it can lead to an inaccurate recollection.

Which one of the following examples best illustrates a problem with prospective memory?

William is shopping at a convenience store when a man rushes in, shoots the store clerk in the arm, hurriedly cleans out the cash register, and then speeds away in a pickup truck. Later, a detective asks William to describe the woman who was waiting for the thief in the truck. The fact is, William didn't see a woman in the truck, but after the detective urges him to "think hard and try to remember her," he begins to recall seeing a blonde woman sitting in the passenger side of the truck. This situation illustrates:

Successful retrieval of information from long-term memory depends on three of the following factors. On which one does retrieval not depend?

As a teacher, you want your students to use effective information processing strategies as they study classroom subject matter. You consider research about the effects of classroom assessment tasks on learning, and you conclude that you should:

Jenny is taking a quiz which asks for the chemical symbols of 20 elements. She remembers 19 of them but cannot remember the symbol for mercury. As she walks home from school, she suddenly remembers that the symbol for mercury is Hg. Jenny's memory problem during the quiz can best be explained in terms of:

Which one of the following statements is consistent with the textbook's recommendations for promoting retrieval?

It is ten years from now. A friend says to you, "Hey, you took a course on learning theory. Explain to me what the process of elaboration is." You think about this for a minute and then realize that you cannot remember the information your friend is asking for. Give four possible explanations, each based on a different theory of forgetting, as to why you are unable to remember this concept from your learning theory course.

When we increase the wait time after teacher questions from one second to three seconds, we can expect students' answers to those questions to:

To remind her 6-year-old son Steven to bring his umbrella home from school, a mother pins a piece of paper with a picture of an umbrella to Steven's jacket collar. Steven's mother is helping him remember the umbrella through the use of:

As a teacher, you want your classroom assessments to help students learn class subject matter more effectively. With the textbook's discussion of classroom assessment practices in mind, describe three strategies you can use to help your assessments become valuable learning tools for your students.

Peter is quite proud of the poem he's just written. "Usually I spend a lot of time writing a poem," he says, "but this one just popped into my head from out of the blue." What Peter doesn't realize is that the poem is very similar to one he read in a collection of poems by Carl Sandberg a year or so ago-so similar, in fact, that Peter might be accused of plagiarizing Sandberg's work. Peter's error can best be explained as a problem of

Maria is listening to her teacher talk about how rainy weather develops. Maria thinks, "Rain … hmm, it's supposed to rain tomorrow … I wonder where I left my umbrella … I think I took it to the library yesterday … I'll bet that's where I left my notebook, too." Maria's thoughts illustrate:

Four students are storing this fact: St. Augustine, Florida was settled in 1565. Based on the following information, which student is probably going to have the greatest difficulty retrieving the information from long-term memory a few days later?

Ms. Iwata has a long-term goal for her science students-to consider what they have learned about science as they deal with issues and problems in their daily lives. Which one of the following teaching strategies will best help her students retrieve relevant scientific principles in situations where the principles might be applied?

From the perspective of cognitive psychology, recognition memory tasks are easier than recall memory tasks because recognition tasks: