Exam 21: Critical Thinking About Research

Refer to the information provided in Table 21.3 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 21.3 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 20 + 0.2Y. -Refer to Table 21.3. The error for point E is equal to

Ravi notices that all of his neighbors who own cats are also divorced, and concludes that cat ownership must result in divorce. Ravi is

The most important statistical tool in empirical economics is standard deviation.

When collecting data to conduct research, if the sample used is not random, ________ occurs.

Selection bias is unique to the field of economic research.

The SUM of data points is a measure of fit for those data points.

Refer to the information provided in Scenario 21.5 below to answer the questions that follow. SCENARIO 21.5: The tiny nation of Bugaboo consists of two virtually identical islands, Achoo and Zoink, separated by the Strait of Dingo. The islands are similar in geography and population. The only telephone service on the islands is cellular, and the only cellular provider on the islands is the government-owned Bugaboo Communications Company, which charges a standardized rate of 20 Bugabucks per minute. Both islands add on an additional $5 Bugabucks-per-minute usage tax. As a way to increase revenue, the island governor of Zoink decided to increase the usage tax to $10 per minute, effective January 1, 2017. The average monthly cellphone usage per month is listed in the table below. Average Monthly Telephone Use per Resident (minutes) -Refer to Scenario 21.5. The total cost of telephone service for residents of Achoo in 2016 is ________ Bugabucks.

We reject the null hypothesis of no effect if the p-value is typically

To get potentially significant results from an experiment using a high-variation population,

Refer to the information provided in Scenario 21.3 below to answer the questions that follow. SCENARIO 21.3: Consider a local high school that has 300 sophomores considered to be at-risk students. A privately-sponsored after-school sports program has been established to try to help at-risk students succeed in finishing high school. The local government wants to know if this program reduces the students' probability of dropping out of high school before the end of their junior year, and decides to randomly sample 150 of the 300 at-risk sophomores and invite them to attend the after-school program at no cost. 100 students accept the invitation, and by the end of their junior year, the drop-out percentage of the 100 students who attended the program was lower than the drop-out percentage of the 200 students who did not attend the program. -Refer to Scenario 21.3. To use the intention-to-treat procedure to measure the effect of the after-school program, you would need to compare

Suppose that a study is released stating that the fewer books people read, the more velvet paintings they tend to own. This is best described as an example of

Suppose that a study is released stating that the more time a person spends fishing, the smaller the chance that the person is a vegetarian. This is best described as an example of

Refer to the information provided in Scenario 21.4 below to answer the questions that follow. SCENARIO 21.4: In a randomized 1-year trial of 400 Mr. Lincoln hybrid tea rose bushes with rose rosette disease, 200 are slated to receive only a sulphur treatment (we will call this Group A), and the other 200 are slated to receive the sulphur treatment and an additional neem oil treatment 4 months later (we will call this Group B). Assume that the neem oil treatment is ineffective in treating rose rosette disease, so on average, the same proportion of rose bushes in each group will die of the disease. In Group B, 25 of the 200 rose bushes die in the 4-month period leading up to the neem oil treatment. Of the 175 bushes left, 25 die in the 8 months following the neem oil treatment. Since we know the neem oil treatment is ineffective, the rose bushes in Group A will, on average, suffer the same fate as those in Group B, with 25 bushes dying in the first 4 months and another 25 dying in the following 8 months. -Related to the Economics in Practice on p. 404: Refer to Scenario 21.4. If we use the intention to treat method for Group B, what is the rate of death due to rose rosette disease?

Selection bias can distort the results of research studies.

When computing p-values,

Assuming the effect of a specific outcome being tested is zero is known as

Refer to the information provided in Table 21.3 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 21.3 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 20 + 0.2Y. -Refer to Table 21.3. The error for point B is equal to

Most theories in economics are based on how one variable affects another variable.

Refer to the information provided in Table 21.3 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 21.3 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 20 + 0.2Y. -Refer to Table 21.3. Which of the following points is (are) the worst fit for the given consumption function?

Refer to the information provided in Table 21.3 below to answer the questions that follow. Table 21.3 The data in the table was used to estimate the following consumption function: C = 20 + 0.2Y. -Refer to Table 21.3. The error for point F is equal to