Chat with AIExam 9: The Quest for Meaning
"Generally you should obey the law, because that is one of the conditions for living in society. But if a law is immoral, you may need to disobey it-but be prepared to take the consequences." What level of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's system is reflected in this statement?
(37) 
VerifiedD
According to Fowler's stages of faith development, what stage is, most typically, in its ascendance in adolescence or early adulthood?
(34) VerifiedB
Briefly describe the difference between Stage 5 (Social contract orientation) and Stage 6 (Individual principles of conscience orientation) in Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.
(34) 
Answered by Examlex AI CopilotIn Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning, Stage 5 (Social contract orientation) and Stage 6 (Individual principles of conscience orientation) represent two different levels of moral development.
In Stage 5, individuals begin to understand that laws and rules are social contracts that are designed to promote the greater good and protect individual rights. They recognize the importance of upholding these social contracts for the benefit of society as a whole, and they may challenge laws that they see as unjust or unfair. At this stage, individuals are motivated by a desire to maintain social order and promote the well-being of others.
In Stage 6, individuals move beyond the social contract orientation and develop their own set of universal ethical principles that guide their moral reasoning. They are able to critically evaluate and transcend societal norms and laws, and they are guided by their own internal sense of justice and morality. At this stage, individuals are motivated by a deep commitment to justice, equality, and human rights, and they are willing to act in accordance with their principles even if it means going against societal expectations.
Overall, the key difference between Stage 5 and Stage 6 is that Stage 5 is focused on upholding social contracts and promoting the greater good, while Stage 6 is focused on developing and following individual ethical principles based on a deep sense of justice and morality.
A criticism that is often leveled against Loevinger, Kohlberg, and Fowler is that the techniques they use to measure stage development are heavily verbal, so that better educated or more verbal adults are likely to score higher on the scales. How could you reply to this criticism if you were one of these theorists? What sort of evidence would you have to provide to counter such a criticism?
(32) According to the Gurin and Brim model, which of the following life experiences would be most likely to lead to significant change in adults' meaning systems?
(40) Briefly describe Carol Gilligan's central argument against Kohlberg's model of moral development.
(31) most appropriate form of study to test Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning is _______.
(31) Describe the stages of mystical experience as outlined by Underhill. How can these stages be linked to theories of moral reasoning or faith development?
(33) Miguel, who is 22 years old, thinks that breaking the law is always wrong, even if it is done in the name of civil disobedience-such as to try to change a law that discriminates against Hispanics. In Kohlberg's category system, Miguel is reasoning at the _______.
(45) cultures support the tradition that spirituality and wisdom increase with age. Which of the following terms defines the concept that meaning systems increase in quality as we age?
(39) 4 in Underhill's stages of mystical experiences involves a fuller turn inward, back toward separateness called ________.
(39) grew up in the Baptist church, and I'm still a Baptist. My ideas have really not changed at all. I find comfort by going to church; I find comfort in the Bible. It all seems pretty clear to me." Which of Fowler's stages of faith does this statement most reflect?
(35) it comes to religious beliefs and private religious activities such as engaging in prayers, meditating, or reading sacred texts, cross-sectional studies show that those in which of the following age groups would be likely to participate the most?
(30) Which of the following is NOT one of Underhill's stages of mystical experience?
(31) stage in Loevinger's model of personality development most closely corresponds to Kohlberg's level of conventional reasoning?
(34) What is it about attending college that seems to be influential in triggering a shift to an individualistic mode of reasoning or meaning? Is (or was) your own college experience like this?
(27) Which stage in Fowler's theory of faith development most closely corresponds to the stage of social contract reasoning in Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
(33) Bjorklund noted that there is an increase in spirituality during adulthood, but the timing depends on:
(35) Suppose you were interested in testing the basic hypotheses in Fowler's theory of faith development. Briefly describe a study you could do that would provide such a test, and indicate just how the results should come out if Fowler is correct.
(33) 
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