Question 1

Briefly state two criticisms leveled against Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

One criticism of Vygotsky's theory is th

Question 2

________ is based on knowledge of the typical progress of a child within an age span as well as the uniqueness of the child.

Accepted Answer

A)  The child-centered kindergarten 
B)  Developmentally appropriate practice 
C)  The Montessori approach 
D)  The success-oriented approach 
A)  The child-centered kindergarten 
B)  Developmentally appropriate practice 
C)  The Montessori approach 
D)  The success-oriented approach

Question 3

Two current controversies in early childhood education involve

Accepted Answer

A)  the curriculum and universal preschool education in the United States. 
B)  the quality of inner-city schools and free education to all. 
C)  the use of corporal punishment in schools and the use of uniforms. 
D)  Christian holidays for all and boarding schools. 
A)  the curriculum and universal preschool education in the United States. 
B)  the quality of inner-city schools and free education to all. 
C)  the use of corporal punishment in schools and the use of uniforms. 
D)  Christian holidays for all and boarding schools.

Question 4

Natalie is 4 years old. When she buttons her shirt, she talks to herself and describes the steps. This helps her in self-regulating and guiding her behavior. In the context of cognitive and physical development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  centration. 
B)  belief perseverance. 
C)  avolition. 
D)  private speech. 
A)  centration. 
B)  belief perseverance. 
C)  avolition. 
D)  private speech.

Question 5

________ is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.

Accepted Answer

A)  The child-centered kindergarten 
B)  The Montessori approach 
C)  Developmentally appropriate practice 
D)  Developmentally inappropriate practice 
A)  The child-centered kindergarten 
B)  The Montessori approach 
C)  Developmentally appropriate practice 
D)  Developmentally inappropriate practice

Question 6

________ involves an increase in the speed and efficiency of information traveling through the nervous system during brain development in children between the ages of 3 and 5.

Accepted Answer

A)  Centration 
B)  Myelination 
C)  Tropism 
D)  Neurogenesis 
A)  Centration 
B)  Myelination 
C)  Tropism 
D)  Neurogenesis

Question 7

18-month-old Alan hates spinach but says, "Yum!" when he sees his mother eating her favorite spinach casserole. This indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  he will also like spinach when he grows up. 
B)  he recognizes that someone else may have different desires from his own. 
C)  he has started to recognize false beliefs. 
D)  he has started to understand that people can have ambivalent feelings. 
A)  he will also like spinach when he grows up. 
B)  he recognizes that someone else may have different desires from his own. 
C)  he has started to recognize false beliefs. 
D)  he has started to understand that people can have ambivalent feelings.

Question 8

Russell conducts an experiment to study children's theory of mind. He selects participants and divides them into two groups. The first group consists of 3-year-olds, whereas the second group consists of 5-year-olds. Russell takes a box of crayons and places candies in them. He opens the box and shows it to both groups. Next, he asks the first group what a child who has never seen the box will think is actually inside the box. The group replies, "Candies!" To the same question, the second group replies, "Crayons!" This scenario illustrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  children refer to cognitive states earlier than they refer to desires. 
B)  3-year-old children have a deepening appreciation of the mind. 
C)  5-year-old children believe that people's behaviors necessarily reflect their thoughts and feelings. 
D)  children younger than 4 years old do not understand that it is possible to have a false belief. 
A)  children refer to cognitive states earlier than they refer to desires. 
B)  3-year-old children have a deepening appreciation of the mind. 
C)  5-year-old children believe that people's behaviors necessarily reflect their thoughts and feelings. 
D)  children younger than 4 years old do not understand that it is possible to have a false belief.

Question 9

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How can one use peer scaffolding to teach children mathematics within the zone?

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development (ZPD),

Question 10

By the end of early childhood, girls have more ________ tissue than boys.

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty 
B)  muscle 
C)  epithelial 
D)  nervous 
A)  fatty 
B)  muscle 
C)  epithelial 
D)  nervous

Question 11

The Reggio Emilia approach is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  nutrition program for young children. 
B)  educational program for young children. 
C)  program for training kindergarten and elementary school teachers. 
D)  parenting education program. 
A)  nutrition program for young children. 
B)  educational program for young children. 
C)  program for training kindergarten and elementary school teachers. 
D)  parenting education program.

Question 12

Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's educational applications?

Accepted Answer

A)  IQ should be assessed to test a child's learning capabilities. 
B)  A child should learn on his or her own to realize his or her capabilities. 
C)  A child's use of private speech reflects immaturity and egocentrism. 
D)  Teaching should begin toward the upper limit of a child's zone of proximal development. 
A)  IQ should be assessed to test a child's learning capabilities. 
B)  A child should learn on his or her own to realize his or her capabilities. 
C)  A child's use of private speech reflects immaturity and egocentrism. 
D)  Teaching should begin toward the upper limit of a child's zone of proximal development.

Question 13

Six-year-old Shirley, a witness to a robbery, was asked to testify at a trial. The defense argued that her testimony could be invalid because

Accepted Answer

A)  at her age, she has no long-term memories. 
B)  her memories are highly susceptible to suggestion. 
C)  she is more likely to embellish her memories. 
D)  children cannot recall details of events sequentially. 
A)  at her age, she has no long-term memories. 
B)  her memories are highly susceptible to suggestion. 
C)  she is more likely to embellish her memories. 
D)  children cannot recall details of events sequentially.

Question 14

The theory of ________ refers to awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-awareness 
B)  recognition 
C)  mind 
D)  consciousness 
A)  self-awareness 
B)  recognition 
C)  mind 
D)  consciousness

Question 15

When 4- and 5-year-olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends, they demonstrate their

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive skills. 
B)  fine harboring skills. 
C)  gross motor skills. 
D)  reflective skills. 
A)  cognitive skills. 
B)  fine harboring skills. 
C)  gross motor skills. 
D)  reflective skills.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A)  In this stage, a child can perform operations independently without adult supervision. 
B)  In this stage, children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings. 
C)  This stage lasts from approximately 3 months to 2 years of age. 
D)  This stage involves the ability to use deductive reasoning. 
A)  In this stage, a child can perform operations independently without adult supervision. 
B)  In this stage, children begin to represent the world with words, images, and drawings. 
C)  This stage lasts from approximately 3 months to 2 years of age. 
D)  This stage involves the ability to use deductive reasoning.

Question 17

Jim, a 3-year-old boy, gets a box of colorful blocks as a birthday gift from his uncle. He is excited to see the gift and demands to play with the blocks immediately. In the context of physical and cognitive development in early childhood, when playing with the blocks, Jim is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  place each block on top of the other with intense concentration. 
B)  stack each block on top of the other in a completely straight line. 
C)  find it impossible to pick up the blocks. 
D)  juggle all the blocks perfectly. 
A)  place each block on top of the other with intense concentration. 
B)  stack each block on top of the other in a completely straight line. 
C)  find it impossible to pick up the blocks. 
D)  juggle all the blocks perfectly.

Question 18

Which of the following did Vygotsky call the "buds" or "flowers" of development?

Accepted Answer

A)  tasks a child can accomplish independently 
B)  intuitive thinking and rational thinking 
C)  a child's cognitive skills that are in the process of maturing 
D)  a child's gross motor skills that are fully developed 
A)  tasks a child can accomplish independently 
B)  intuitive thinking and rational thinking 
C)  a child's cognitive skills that are in the process of maturing 
D)  a child's gross motor skills that are fully developed

Question 19

Identify the factors that can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory.

Accepted Answer

Several factors can influence the accura

Question 20

The second substage of preoperational thought, occurring between approximately 4 and 7 years of age, is characterized by the use of

Accepted Answer

A)  reversible mental actions. 
B)  egocentric views. 
C)  primitive reasoning. 
D)  symbolic thought. 
A)  reversible mental actions. 
B)  egocentric views. 
C)  primitive reasoning. 
D)  symbolic thought.

Briefly state two criticisms leveled against Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development.

________ is based on knowledge of the typical progress of a child within an age span as well as the uniqueness of the child.

Two current controversies in early childhood education involve

Natalie is 4 years old. When she buttons her shirt, she talks to herself and describes the steps. This helps her in self-regulating and guiding her behavior. In the context of cognitive and physical development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates the concept of

________ is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.

________ involves an increase in the speed and efficiency of information traveling through the nervous system during brain development in children between the ages of 3 and 5.

18-month-old Alan hates spinach but says, "Yum!" when he sees his mother eating her favorite spinach casserole. This indicates that

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How can one use peer scaffolding to teach children mathematics within the zone?

By the end of early childhood, girls have more ________ tissue than boys.

The Reggio Emilia approach is a(n)

Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's educational applications?

Six-year-old Shirley, a witness to a robbery, was asked to testify at a trial. The defense argued that her testimony could be invalid because

The theory of ________ refers to awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

When 4- and 5-year-olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends, they demonstrate their

Which of the following statements is true of Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Jim, a 3-year-old boy, gets a box of colorful blocks as a birthday gift from his uncle. He is excited to see the gift and demands to play with the blocks immediately. In the context of physical and cognitive development in early childhood, when playing with the blocks, Jim is most likely to

Which of the following did Vygotsky call the "buds" or "flowers" of development?

Identify the factors that can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory.

The second substage of preoperational thought, occurring between approximately 4 and 7 years of age, is characterized by the use of

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical Development in Infancy

Cognitive Development in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical Development in Late Adulthood

Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Grieving

Filters

Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Briefly state two criticisms leveled against Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development.

________ is based on knowledge of the typical progress of a child within an age span as well as the uniqueness of the child.

Two current controversies in early childhood education involve

Natalie is 4 years old. When she buttons her shirt, she talks to herself and describes the steps. This helps her in self-regulating and guiding her behavior. In the context of cognitive and physical development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates the concept of

________ is a philosophy of education in which children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.

________ involves an increase in the speed and efficiency of information traveling through the nervous system during brain development in children between the ages of 3 and 5.

18-month-old Alan hates spinach but says, "Yum!" when he sees his mother eating her favorite spinach casserole. This indicates that

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How can one use peer scaffolding to teach children mathematics within the zone?

By the end of early childhood, girls have more ________ tissue than boys.

The Reggio Emilia approach is a(n)

Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's educational applications?

Six-year-old Shirley, a witness to a robbery, was asked to testify at a trial. The defense argued that her testimony could be invalid because

The theory of ________ refers to awareness of one's own mental processes and the mental processes of others.

When 4- and 5-year-olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends, they demonstrate their

Which of the following statements is true of Piaget's preoperational stage of cognitive development?

Jim, a 3-year-old boy, gets a box of colorful blocks as a birthday gift from his uncle. He is excited to see the gift and demands to play with the blocks immediately. In the context of physical and cognitive development in early childhood, when playing with the blocks, Jim is most likely to

Which of the following did Vygotsky call the "buds" or "flowers" of development?

Identify the factors that can influence the accuracy of a young child's memory.

The second substage of preoperational thought, occurring between approximately 4 and 7 years of age, is characterized by the use of

Introduction

Biological Beginnings

Prenatal Development and Birth

Physical Development in Infancy

Cognitive Development in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Infancy

Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Early Adulthood

Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Middle Adulthood

Physical Development in Late Adulthood

Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood

Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood

Death, Dying, and Grieving

Filters