Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Which of the following best describes the relation between centration and conservation?

The absence or deficiency of growth hormone produced by the pituitary gland to stimulate the body to grow is called

Kevin is just learning to walk. He can take a few steps by himself if he uses both hands to hold on to a piece of furniture for support. He can walk to the middle of a room only if one of his parents holds his hands. Which of the following represents the lower limit of Kevin's zone of proximal development (ZPD) for walking?

Pointing to a tree, young Leo says, "Bird flied away." Leo's interesting but incorrect use of "-ed" in "flied" shows that he is trying to learn the ________ rules of language.

Children begin to understand three mental states from 18 months to 3 years of age. According to Pratt and Bryant, a child realizes that looking leads to knowing what's inside a container by 3 years of age. This mental state of the child is known as ________.

During early childhood, girls are ________ than boys.

According to Vygotsky, which of the following educational strategies should be incorporated in classrooms?

In 1965, the federal government began an effort to break the cycle of poverty and substandard education for young children in the United States through

"My computer does not like me. It keeps eating my pictures," says three-year-old Kimberly. This is an example of

________ refers to an umbrella-like concept that consists of a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the brain's prefrontal cortex, which play a role in managing thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control.

Identify the substage of preoperational thought in which a young child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present.

Which of the following should be minimized in order to improve the eating behavior of children?

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as

Name the Italian physician-turned-educator who at the beginning of the twentieth century crafted a revolutionary approach to young children's education. In this approach, children are given considerable freedom and spontaneity in choosing activities.

Which of the following is a criticism of Vygotsky's theory?

Which of the following describes Lev Vygotsky's belief about the development of thought and language?

Briefly describe the two stages of preoperational thought. Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.

Toby is three years old. His parents are concerned because he always runs and jumps around. He cannot sit still. Even when watching his favorite cartoon on TV, he fidgets and wiggles. It is especially frustrating for his parents when Toby does not sit still through dinner. Which of the following should Toby's parents do?

Kristi works in a day-care center. She notices that Pablo, a 4-year-old boy, often indulges in private speech when doing any activity on his own. She has heard him talking to himself when solving puzzles. Kristi believes in Piaget's theory of cognitive development in children. After seeing Pablo's behavior, Kristi is likely to assume that Pablo's usage of private speech is

In Piaget's theory, failing the conservation-of-liquid task demonstrates