Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

According to Mills and Mills (2000) and Posner and Rothbart (2007), in Central European countries such as Hungary, kindergarten children participate in exercises designed to improve their ________. An eye-contact exercise in which the teacher sits in the center of a circle of children and each child is required to catch the teacher's eye before being permitted to leave the group is an example of this type of exercise.

Define what Piaget meant by an operation. What would be one task that preoperational children fail to do because they lack operations?

Ted is in a Tools of the Mind classroom. His teacher guides him in planning his own message by drawing a line to stand for each word he says. Ted then repeats the message, pointing to each line as he says the word. Finally, he writes on the lines, trying to represent each word with some letters or symbols. This process is called

Karla is a single mother of a 5-year-old son. She works in a bakery on a meager salary. Recently, she found out about a government-funded program that provides children from low-income families with the opportunity to acquire the skills important for success in school. The program aims to improve substandard education and alleviate poverty. Karla decides to apply for the program. The program being referred to in this scenario is

Studies by Powers and Dodd in 2017 and Powers and Howley in 2018 show that a child's life should center around ________.

According to Gauvain (2016) and Holzman (2017), Vygotsky's view of the importance of ________ on children's development fits with the current belief that it is important to evaluate the contextual factors in learning.

Diego is 3 years old. His mother pours him and his elder sister orange juice. Because his mother does not have two glasses of the same size, she pours his sister the juice in a taller glass than his. Though both glasses have the same amount of juice, Diego starts to cry because he think his sister has more juice. In the context of cognitive development in early childhood, this scenario illustrates the concept of

Identify a characteristic of autobiographical memory.

Dorothy is enrolled in a preschool where she spends much of her time in unstructured activities. She plays with the toys she chooses, and her teacher acts as a facilitator rather than a director. Which of the following approaches is Dorothy's preschool using?

Briefly describe a child's theory of mind. How are false-belief tasks useful in assessing the theory of mind?

Six-year-old Patricia loves to draw pictures and describe them. Her ideas are more balanced now than earlier. She has started to analyze and understand things. However, she is egocentric and holds, what her parents describe as, "magical beliefs." Patricia is in Piaget's ________ stage of development.

According to Rochel Gelman, ________ is especially important in explaining conservation.

Adrian is an 8-year-old boy. His mother notices that he is shorter than other boys his age. She consults a physician who conducts blood tests on Adrian. The physician informs her that Adrian is not growing normally because of the absence of growth hormone produced by his pituitary gland. It can be said that Adrian is suffering from ________.

________ is a process by which the nerve cells are covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells.

Irene is a 3-year-old girl. Her father takes her to a nearby park in the evening. In the context of the development of gross motor skills in children her age, identify an activity that Irene is mostly likely to do at the park.

In the context of early childhood education, developmentally appropriate practice emphasizes

According to Mona El-Sheikh (2013), which of the following measures will improve children's sleep?

3-year-old Zelda always asks questions like "Where Daddy is going?" and "What Mommy is doing?" This indicates that she is yet to learn the auxiliary-inversion rule and to apply the rules of

Which of the following can enhance a child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury?

What factors influence improved literacy in children?