Exam 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy

What is infantile amnesia?

When one uses polite language in formal conversations and personal, informal language in intimate conversations, one is demonstrating the knowledge of ________, or the appropriate use of language in different contexts.

List in order Jean Piaget's six substages of the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

A ________ is the basic unit of sound in a language.

Identify a special way that adults speak to babies that is characterized by language spoken in a higher pitch than normal, the use of simple words, and the use of simple sentences.

What is child-directed speech? What are some other strategies adults use to increase infants' acquisition of language?

As an infant, Mary suffered damage to the ________ of her brain. This injury severely affected her comprehension abilities; even though her speech is fluent, it remains incomprehensible.

Renee remembers very little about the first three years of her life. Psychologists find this normal and refer to it as

According to Jean Piaget, identify the sixth and final substage of sensorimotor thought. This substage is apparent in children between 18 and 24 months of age. The infant develops the ability to use primitive symbols in this substage.

The interactionist view of language development emphasizes that

Eight-month-old Andrew suffered brain damage at birth. His identical twin, Alex, had no brain damage. Research on habituation will likely predict that

Jean Piaget believed that children

Andy is nine months old, but he seems to be struggling with following another's gaze and directing adults' attention. These could be early indicators of

Trenton was playing in a sandbox. He was pouring sand from a short and wide container into a tall and narrow container. When he poured the sand into the tall and narrow container, it appeared as if it had more sand in it. Trenton could not figure out where the extra sand came from and how it got into his container. As Trenton continued to try to solve this puzzle, he experienced considerable movement between states of cognitive ________ and ________ to produce cognitive change.

________ occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account.

Heather is shown a teddy bear. The teddy bear is then hidden from her, and she searches for it. This shows that Heather has developed a sense of ________.

Identify Jean Piaget's concept that describes the cognitive conflict that occurs when information in the environment is inconsistent with a child's current schemes. This conflict is the motivation to modify schemes or develop new schemes that are more consistent with the outside world.

Sonali is a 10-month-old infant. While Sonali was watching her mother, her mother hid her favorite toy under a pillow. Sonali searched for the toy at the correct location and found it. Later, her mother hid the toy under a blanket while Sonali was watching her. Sonali still searched for the toy under the pillow. However, in another instance, Sonali correctly searched for the toy under the blanket. In the context of the A-not-B error, analyze the factors responsible for this inconsistency.

From about 6 to 12 months of age, the maturation of the ________ and the surrounding cerebral cortex, especially the frontal lobes, makes explicit memory possible.

Rebecca says "Milk spill" to which her grandfather replies "Yes, the milk spilled on the floor." This is an example of