Question 1

Which of the following situations represents an example of territorial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) Digger wasps are able to recognize the pattern of landmarks around their nests. 
B) Troops of monkey species use well- defined,widely overlapping ranges.Troops avoid encountering each other and are aggressive if they meet. 
C) Sow bugs become more active and move around randomly if they find themselves in a dry area. 
D) Gannets breed in dense colonies.Each gannet defends the area within the beak's reach of its nest,but gannets feeding at sea are indifferent to each other. 
A) Digger wasps are able to recognize the pattern of landmarks around their nests. 
B) Troops of monkey species use well- defined,widely overlapping ranges.Troops avoid encountering each other and are aggressive if they meet. 
C) Sow bugs become more active and move around randomly if they find themselves in a dry area. 
D) Gannets breed in dense colonies.Each gannet defends the area within the beak's reach of its nest,but gannets feeding at sea are indifferent to each other. D

Question 2

Several primates have been taught to communicate with humans using sign language.This supports the view that animals other than humans can learn through the process of

Accepted Answer

A) social learning. 
B) imprinting. 
C) trial and error learning. 
D) cognition. 
A) social learning. 
B) imprinting. 
C) trial and error learning. 
D) cognition. D

Question 3

Which of the following behaviors would be unlikely to involve imprinting?

Accepted Answer

A) A songbird that engages in solitary migration using star navigation returns each year to the district where it was hatched. 
B) A nestling male songbird raised in the nest of a different species grows up to sing the song of his foster species. 
C) A nestling male sparrow learns the "dialect" of song that is used in his native district. 
D) A migrating mother gazelle leaves her calf hidden in grass while she feeds and always returns to the correct patch of grass. 
A) A songbird that engages in solitary migration using star navigation returns each year to the district where it was hatched. 
B) A nestling male songbird raised in the nest of a different species grows up to sing the song of his foster species. 
C) A nestling male sparrow learns the "dialect" of song that is used in his native district. 
D) A migrating mother gazelle leaves her calf hidden in grass while she feeds and always returns to the correct patch of grass. D

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a fixed action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) the way female digger wasps find their nests 
B) the imprinting of baby goslings on their mother 
C) the way a graylag goose retrieves an egg that has rolled out of the nest 
D) habituation in the cnidarian Hydra 
A) the way female digger wasps find their nests 
B) the imprinting of baby goslings on their mother 
C) the way a graylag goose retrieves an egg that has rolled out of the nest 
D) habituation in the cnidarian Hydra

Question 5

Which of the following is communicated by courtship displays?

Accepted Answer

A) The individuals are of different species. 
B) The male represents a threat to other males. 
C) The individuals are of the same species and of the opposite sex. 
D) The individuals intend to hurt each other. 
A) The individuals are of different species. 
B) The male represents a threat to other males. 
C) The individuals are of the same species and of the opposite sex. 
D) The individuals intend to hurt each other.

Question 6

A blue jay hides hundreds of nuts throughout the fall and finds them throughout the winter and spring.The blue jay is most likely finding the stored food by using

Accepted Answer

A) kinesis. 
B) a cognitive map. 
C) social learning. 
D) imprinting. 
A) kinesis. 
B) a cognitive map. 
C) social learning. 
D) imprinting.

Question 7

From a sociobiological perspective,altruism is a behavior that

Accepted Answer

A) has the potential to enhance the altruist's fitness at a later point in time. 
B) occurs only in the social insects. 
C) will always be selected against. 
D) does not have a genetic basis. 
A) has the potential to enhance the altruist's fitness at a later point in time. 
B) occurs only in the social insects. 
C) will always be selected against. 
D) does not have a genetic basis.

Question 8

The evolutionary explanations for behavior are called the

Accepted Answer

A) ultimate causes. 
B) selected advantage. 
C) proximal causes. 
D) evolutionary schematic. 
A) ultimate causes. 
B) selected advantage. 
C) proximal causes. 
D) evolutionary schematic.

Question 9

A big difference between social learning and imprinting is that

Accepted Answer

A) imprinting does not involve a reward. 
B) social learning has a primarily genetic basis. 
C) imprinting can only take place among members of the same species. 
D) social learning is not limited to a sensitive period. 
A) imprinting does not involve a reward. 
B) social learning has a primarily genetic basis. 
C) imprinting can only take place among members of the same species. 
D) social learning is not limited to a sensitive period.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about chimpanzee behavior is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Alpha males assert their status by making plant stems into tools for food extraction. 
B) Social primates do not show reconciliation or pacification- type behaviors. 
C) Grooming behavior is crucial to maintaining relationships within chimpanzee groups. 
D) Only female chimpanzees are organized in a dominance hierarchy. 
A) Alpha males assert their status by making plant stems into tools for food extraction. 
B) Social primates do not show reconciliation or pacification- type behaviors. 
C) Grooming behavior is crucial to maintaining relationships within chimpanzee groups. 
D) Only female chimpanzees are organized in a dominance hierarchy.

Question 11

Squirrels on a bird feeder seem to be able to figure out how to steal seeds no matter what people do to prevent it.Yesterday,Jeremy hung out a new bird feeder design,and sure enough,by the end of the day the squirrels found a way to get to the seeds.The squirrels most likely figured out how to get the seeds through

Accepted Answer

A) the use of cognitive maps. 
B) spatial learning. 
C) imprinting. 
D) trial- and- error learning. 
A) the use of cognitive maps. 
B) spatial learning. 
C) imprinting. 
D) trial- and- error learning.

Question 12

Territories are typically used for activities such as

Accepted Answer

A) identification of kin and rearing young. 
B) migration and feeding. 
C) feeding and identification of kin. 
D) feeding,mating,and rearing young. 
A) identification of kin and rearing young. 
B) migration and feeding. 
C) feeding and identification of kin. 
D) feeding,mating,and rearing young.

Question 13

When you successfully study with the stereo on in the background,you are demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A) conditioning. 
B) associative learning. 
C) imprinting. 
D) habituation. 
A) conditioning. 
B) associative learning. 
C) imprinting. 
D) habituation.

Question 14

Pecking order in chickens is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) dominance hierarchy. 
B) agonistic behavior. 
C) alpha order. 
D) mating behavior. 
A) dominance hierarchy. 
B) agonistic behavior. 
C) alpha order. 
D) mating behavior.

Question 15

The certainty of paternity is greatest in organisms that

Accepted Answer

A) mate and lay eggs at the same time. 
B) have extensive parental care. 
C) are promiscuous. 
D) use internal fertilization. 
A) mate and lay eggs at the same time. 
B) have extensive parental care. 
C) are promiscuous. 
D) use internal fertilization.

Question 16

In England,at a time when milk was still delivered to doorsteps each morning in foil- capped glass bottles,a songbird called the great tit started pecking through the caps and drinking the cream in the necks of the bottles.This behavior spread through the great tit population in a matter of years.The emergence and spread of this behavior probably depended on

Accepted Answer

A) trial and error learning plus habituation. 
B) habituation plus social learning. 
C) trial and error learning plus imprinting. 
D) trial and error learning plus social learning. 
A) trial and error learning plus habituation. 
B) habituation plus social learning. 
C) trial and error learning plus imprinting. 
D) trial and error learning plus social learning.

Question 17

You are told that the song of males among a particular songbird species has an innate component but is also largely learned.Nestling males imprint on their father's song and then sing it themselves when they reach sexual maturity.Which of the following observations would lead you to doubt this information?

Accepted Answer

A) A male chick who is reared in isolation but hears tape recordings of a different species' song grows up to sing that species' song. 
B) A male chick reared in isolation but introduced as an older juvenile into an aviary containing normal males of his species sings his species' song. 
C) A male chick fostered in the nest of a different species grows up to sing the song of its foster species. 
D) A male chick who is reared in isolation but hears tape recordings of his species' song grows up to sing normally. 
A) A male chick who is reared in isolation but hears tape recordings of a different species' song grows up to sing that species' song. 
B) A male chick reared in isolation but introduced as an older juvenile into an aviary containing normal males of his species sings his species' song. 
C) A male chick fostered in the nest of a different species grows up to sing the song of its foster species. 
D) A male chick who is reared in isolation but hears tape recordings of his species' song grows up to sing normally.

Question 18

Agonistic behavior

Accepted Answer

A) increases the number of individuals who mate. 
B) usually causes serious injury to one or both of the combatants. 
C) is typically used to determine access to food,mates,or territories. 
D) is rare among vertebrates. 
A) increases the number of individuals who mate. 
B) usually causes serious injury to one or both of the combatants. 
C) is typically used to determine access to food,mates,or territories. 
D) is rare among vertebrates.

Question 19

Cross- fostering experiments with Norway rat pups showed that in their response to stress

Accepted Answer

A) cross- fostered pups resembled their biological mothers more than their foster mothers. 
B) environment was the critical factor,not genetics. 
C) genetics was the only important factor. 
D) both genetics and the environment played a clear role. 
A) cross- fostered pups resembled their biological mothers more than their foster mothers. 
B) environment was the critical factor,not genetics. 
C) genetics was the only important factor. 
D) both genetics and the environment played a clear role.

Question 20

The sending of,reception of,and response to signals constitute animal

Accepted Answer

A) associative learning. 
B) problem- solving. 
C) communication. 
D) cost- benefit analysis. 
A) associative learning. 
B) problem- solving. 
C) communication. 
D) cost- benefit analysis.

Exam 35: Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Which of the following situations represents an example of territorial behavior?

Several primates have been taught to communicate with humans using sign language.This supports the view that animals other than humans can learn through the process of

Which of the following behaviors would be unlikely to involve imprinting?

Which of the following is an example of a fixed action pattern?

Which of the following is communicated by courtship displays?

A blue jay hides hundreds of nuts throughout the fall and finds them throughout the winter and spring.The blue jay is most likely finding the stored food by using

From a sociobiological perspective,altruism is a behavior that

The evolutionary explanations for behavior are called the

A big difference between social learning and imprinting is that

Which of the following statements about chimpanzee behavior is true?

Territories are typically used for activities such as

When you successfully study with the stereo on in the background,you are demonstrating

Pecking order in chickens is an example of

The certainty of paternity is greatest in organisms that

Agonistic behavior

Cross- fostering experiments with Norway rat pups showed that in their response to stress

The sending of,reception of,and response to signals constitute animal

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

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Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

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Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

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How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

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Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

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Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

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Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

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Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

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