Question 1

Which of the following statements about the phosphorus cycle is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Plants release dissolved phosphorus ions in the soil. 
B) Guano can be used by farmers to add phosphorus to the soil. 
C) Phosphorus that drains from soils into the sea becomes part of new rock and will cycle back into living organisms. 
D) Phosphorus has its main abiotic reservoir in water. 
A) Plants release dissolved phosphorus ions in the soil. 
B) Guano can be used by farmers to add phosphorus to the soil. 
C) Phosphorus that drains from soils into the sea becomes part of new rock and will cycle back into living organisms. 
D) Phosphorus has its main abiotic reservoir in water. B

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of predation?

Accepted Answer

A) the vivid colors of the poison- arrow frog in Costa Rica 
B) a goldfinch feeding on the seeds of a thistle plant 
C) a lizard's camouflage 
D) a hawk swooping down quickly to capture,kill,and eat a prairie king snake 
A) the vivid colors of the poison- arrow frog in Costa Rica 
B) a goldfinch feeding on the seeds of a thistle plant 
C) a lizard's camouflage 
D) a hawk swooping down quickly to capture,kill,and eat a prairie king snake D

Question 3

Most plants have a variety of chemicals,spines,and thorns because the plants

Accepted Answer

A) are camouflaged into their surroundings. 
B) feed on the organisms that try to eat them. 
C) cannot run away from herbivores. 
D) are relying upon Batesian mimicry. 
A) are camouflaged into their surroundings. 
B) feed on the organisms that try to eat them. 
C) cannot run away from herbivores. 
D) are relying upon Batesian mimicry. C

Question 4

One of the most worrisome results of the large- scale clearing and cultivation of land is

Accepted Answer

A) erosion and soil degradation. 
B) the inability fo supply enough food for growing populations. 
C) hurricanes. 
D) the inability to supply fresh water. 
A) erosion and soil degradation. 
B) the inability fo supply enough food for growing populations. 
C) hurricanes. 
D) the inability to supply fresh water.

Question 5

The prokaryotes that cause tooth decay have a _ relationship with humans.

Accepted Answer

A) parasitic 
B) competitive 
C) mutualistic 
D) predatory 
A) parasitic 
B) competitive 
C) mutualistic 
D) predatory

Question 6

A biology teacher takes fish,algae,pond weed,invertebrates,and bottom muck from a local pond and establishes them in an aquarium.When the system is stable,the teacher seals it into a large,airtight glass box and leaves the box in a sunny location.After three months,the organisms in the aquarium appear alive and healthy.Which of the following statements about the experiment is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The air in the glass box contains no carbon dioxide. 
B) Some of the energy in the system has moved from one organism to another during the three months. 
C) No energy has entered or left the glass box during the three months. 
D) During the three months,the biomass of animal life was greater than the biomass of plant life. 
A) The air in the glass box contains no carbon dioxide. 
B) Some of the energy in the system has moved from one organism to another during the three months. 
C) No energy has entered or left the glass box during the three months. 
D) During the three months,the biomass of animal life was greater than the biomass of plant life.

Question 7

A community is composed of

Accepted Answer

A) potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms. 
B) one species of organism living in a specific environment on Earth. 
C) the factors that constitute an organism's niche. 
D) living organisms and their nonliving environment. 
A) potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms. 
B) one species of organism living in a specific environment on Earth. 
C) the factors that constitute an organism's niche. 
D) living organisms and their nonliving environment.

Question 8

When a crocodile eats a fish,the interspecific interaction between the two could be expressed as for the crocodile and _ for the fish.

Accepted Answer

A) + ...+ 
B) - ...- 
C) + ...- 
D) - ...+ 
A) + ...+ 
B) - ...- 
C) + ...- 
D) - ...+

Question 9

In a hypothetical food chain consisting of grass,grasshoppers,sparrows,and hawks,the grasshoppers are

Accepted Answer

A) secondary producers. 
B) secondary consumers. 
C) primary consumers. 
D) primary producers. 
A) secondary producers. 
B) secondary consumers. 
C) primary consumers. 
D) primary producers.

Question 10

When a New England farm is abandoned,its formerly plowed fields first become weedy meadows,then shrubby areas,and finally forest.This sequence of plant communities is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a trophic chain. 
B) secondary succession. 
C) primary succession 
D) evolution. 
A) a trophic chain. 
B) secondary succession. 
C) primary succession 
D) evolution.

Question 11

About how much of the energy in the producers of an ecosystem will be available to secondary consumers in this ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A) about 1% 
B) about 50% 
C) about 10% 
D) 100% 
A) about 1% 
B) about 50% 
C) about 10% 
D) 100%

Question 12

In an ecosystem,you would expect to find interspecific competition between

Accepted Answer

A) populations of two species that occupy the same niche. 
B) two wasp species that mimic each other's appearance. 
C) males and females of a species in which both sexes occupy the same niche. 
D) a prey species and its predator. 
A) populations of two species that occupy the same niche. 
B) two wasp species that mimic each other's appearance. 
C) males and females of a species in which both sexes occupy the same niche. 
D) a prey species and its predator.

Question 13

Eutrophication of a lake could occur if

Accepted Answer

A) fish were removed. 
B) phosphate- rich detergents were dumped into the lake. 
C) fertilizers were applied in an insoluble form. 
D) runoff from overfertilized lawns was prevented from reaching the lake. 
A) fish were removed. 
B) phosphate- rich detergents were dumped into the lake. 
C) fertilizers were applied in an insoluble form. 
D) runoff from overfertilized lawns was prevented from reaching the lake.

Question 14

Which arrow shows CO2 released as a product of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) arrow A 
B) arrow B 
C) arrow C 
D) arrow D 
A) arrow A 
B) arrow B 
C) arrow C 
D) arrow D

Question 15

When two different populations in a community benefit from their relationship with each other,the result is called

Accepted Answer

A) parasitism. 
B) benefism. 
C) competition. 
D) mutualism. 
A) parasitism. 
B) benefism. 
C) competition. 
D) mutualism.

Question 16

Which of the following processes does not occur in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A) Carbon is cycled between biotic and abiotic forms. 
B) Energy flows through the system. 
C) Producers convert light energy to chemical energy. 
D) The energy source that powers the system is used by consumers to make organic compounds. 
A) Carbon is cycled between biotic and abiotic forms. 
B) Energy flows through the system. 
C) Producers convert light energy to chemical energy. 
D) The energy source that powers the system is used by consumers to make organic compounds.

Question 17

The sum total of a population's use of the biotic and abiotic resources of its habitat constitutes its

Accepted Answer

A) environment. 
B) range. 
C) evolution. 
D) niche. 
A) environment. 
B) range. 
C) evolution. 
D) niche.

Question 18

Which of the following represents a step in the nitrogen cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen- fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium 
B) nitrites bind to soil particles 
C) nitrogen- fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates 
D) denitrifiers convert ammonium to atmospheric nitrogen 
A) nitrogen- fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium 
B) nitrites bind to soil particles 
C) nitrogen- fixing bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen to nitrates 
D) denitrifiers convert ammonium to atmospheric nitrogen

Question 19

Given that CO2 is produced by cellular respiration,why does the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere remain relatively constant? (When answering this question,exclude the impact of human activities on atmospheric CO2.)

Accepted Answer

A) CO2 mostly forms carbonate rocks. 
B) CO2 is converted in photosynthesis to carbohydrates. 
C) CO2 is split apart during photosynthesis. 
D) CO2 is trapped in dead organisms' bodies. 
A) CO2 mostly forms carbonate rocks. 
B) CO2 is converted in photosynthesis to carbohydrates. 
C) CO2 is split apart during photosynthesis. 
D) CO2 is trapped in dead organisms' bodies.

Question 20

One reason it is important to understand community ecology is

Accepted Answer

A) to provide an enriched habitat for humans. 
B) to aid in conservation of endangered species. 
C) for identification of stomach microbes. 
D) to understand the life cycle of fish,such as cichlids. 
A) to provide an enriched habitat for humans. 
B) to aid in conservation of endangered species. 
C) for identification of stomach microbes. 
D) to understand the life cycle of fish,such as cichlids.

Exam 37: Communities and Ecosystems

Which of the following statements about the phosphorus cycle is true?

Which of the following is an example of predation?

Most plants have a variety of chemicals,spines,and thorns because the plants

One of the most worrisome results of the large- scale clearing and cultivation of land is

The prokaryotes that cause tooth decay have a _ relationship with humans.

A community is composed of

When a crocodile eats a fish,the interspecific interaction between the two could be expressed as for the crocodile and _ for the fish.

In a hypothetical food chain consisting of grass,grasshoppers,sparrows,and hawks,the grasshoppers are

When a New England farm is abandoned,its formerly plowed fields first become weedy meadows,then shrubby areas,and finally forest.This sequence of plant communities is an example of

About how much of the energy in the producers of an ecosystem will be available to secondary consumers in this ecosystem?

In an ecosystem,you would expect to find interspecific competition between

Eutrophication of a lake could occur if

Which arrow shows CO2 released as a product of cellular respiration?

When two different populations in a community benefit from their relationship with each other,the result is called

Which of the following processes does not occur in ecosystems?

The sum total of a population's use of the biotic and abiotic resources of its habitat constitutes its

Which of the following represents a step in the nitrogen cycle?

Given that CO2 is produced by cellular respiration,why does the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere remain relatively constant? (When answering this question,exclude the impact of human activities on atmospheric CO2.)

One reason it is important to understand community ecology is

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

Dna Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure,growth,and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Conservation Biology

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