Question 1

Gavin is always anxious when his mother is away at work. When she returns, he wants to be close to her but at the same time shows his anger by hitting her. Gavin's attachment style can be best described as ______ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gavin is always anxious when his mother...

Question 2

Select either (a) Baumrind's four parenting styles or (b) Erikson's four stages of psychosocial development occurring during childhood. Name each style or stage, and provide a brief vignette or "case study" of a child exhibiting each style or stage.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Select either (a) Baumrind's four parenting styles...

Question 3

According to Erikson, adolescents are primarily engaged in resolving the psychosocial crisis of:

Accepted Answer

A)  trust versus mistrust. 
B)  intimacy versus isolation. 
C)  generativity versus stagnation. 
D)  identity versus role confusion.

Question 4

Clarissa's mother was 38 years old when she gave birth to her. Clarissa suffers from an intellectual disability, and doctors have diagnosed that her condition is due to the extra chromosome that she received at the time of conception. Identify the condition afflicting Clarissa.

Accepted Answer

A)  Phenylketonuria 
B)  Sickle-cell anemia 
C)  Tay-Sachs disease 
D)  Down syndrome

Question 5

Dr. Carruthers believes that a combination of hereditary and environmental factors influences development. Dr. Carruthers has adopted a(n) ______ position on the nature-nurture issue related to development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Carruthers believes that a combination of...

Question 6

Yolanda is 24, Zachary is 44, and Andrew is 73. Assume that each successfully completes the identity crisis associated with his or her stage as proposed by Erikson. Which of the following alternatives matches each individual with the correct developmental outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yolanda: intimacy; Zachary: generativity; and Andrew: wisdom 
B)  Yolanda: wisdom; Zachary: intimacy; and Andrew: generativity 
C)  Yolanda: intimacy; Zachary: wisdom; and Andrew: generativity 
D)  Yolanda: generativity; Zachary: intimacy; and Andrew: wisdom

Question 7

From the late teens into the mid-20s, individuals are in a transitional phase that developmental psychologists call _____ adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)  emerging 
B)  beginning 
C)  developing 
D)  launching

Question 8

Preschoolers can hold only 2 or 3 chunks of information in short-term memory, 5-year-olds can hold four, and 7-year-olds can hold _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  8 
C)  7 
D)  10

Question 9

Which technique of developmental researchers requires a significant expenditure of time as a researcher waits for the participants to get older?

Accepted Answer

A)  Longitudinal research 
B)  Cross-sectional research 
C)  Empirical research 
D)  Applied research

Question 10

Some Western legal systems consider either 7 or 8 as the age at which a child attains reason. Is such a designation defensible from a Piagetian standpoint?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes. Children do acquire some basic reasoning skills during the concrete operational period. 
B)  Yes. Children become capable of abstract, hypothetical reasoning during the concrete operational period. 
C)  No. Children are unable to reason prior to the formal operational period. 
D)  No. Children can reason much earlier than this, i.e., during the preoperational period.

Question 11

Grace is a 19-year-old college sophomore. She is living away from home for the first time and is trying to decide on a major. Grace is in a phase of life that developmental psychologists term _____ adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)  developing 
B)  emerging 
C)  beginning 
D)  nascent

Question 12

Two weeks after conception, a developing fertilized egg is called a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  embryo 
B)  fetus 
C)  zygote 
D)  neonate

Question 13

Bea is 70 years old and works part-time at a discount store. She keeps herself busy by engaging in various activities she enjoyed during middle adulthood. She volunteers occasionally at a local food bank and enjoys the company of her family and the members of her bridge club. According to the _____ theory of aging, Bea is aging successfully.

Accepted Answer

A)  activity 
B)  Kübler-Ross 
C)  disengagement 
D)  wear-and-tear

Question 14

List and describe the various stages cited by Elisabeth Kübler-Ross regarding people facing impending death.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe the various stages cited...

Question 15

Bonnie is 3 months old. Her parents are inconsistent in attending to her needs. Sometimes they are very attentive, feeding her promptly when she cries and comforting her when she seems upset. At other times, Bonnie cries for a long time before her parents attend to her. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Bonnie will develop:

Accepted Answer

A)  a general sense of mistrust. 
B)  a sense of superiority. 
C)  an inflated id. 
D)  memory impairment.

Question 16

A _____ reflex prompts babies to clear their throats.

Accepted Answer

A)  rooting 
B)  startle 
C)  Babinski 
D)  gag

Question 17

_____ is the positive emotional bond that develops between a child and a particular individual.

Accepted Answer

A)  Habituation 
B)  Attachment 
C)  Polymorphism 
D)  Maturation

Question 18

Which of the following sequences accurately reflects the order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development, from birth through adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensorimotor, concrete operational, preoperational, and formal operational 
B)  Preoperational, concrete operational, preoperational, and formal operational 
C)  Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational 
D)  Nonoperational, preoperational, operational, and postoperational

Question 19

Which of the following is true of cross-sectional research?

Accepted Answer

A)  It traces the behavior of one or more participants as they age. 
B)  It does not provide information about the differences in development between different age groups. 
C)  It compares people of different ages at the same point in time. 
D)  It assesses change in behavior over time.

Question 20

In the context of the experiments conducted by Mary Ainsworth, the _____ attachment style describes a child who exhibits distress at his mother's departure in the Ainsworth strange situation but is easily soothed on her return.

Accepted Answer

A)  secure 
B)  avoidant 
C)  ambivalent 
D)  disorganized

Exam 8: Making Decisions and Solving Problems