A Top-Management Team in an Organization Is Feeling Threatened by a Deteriorating

Multiple Choice

A top-management team in an organization is feeling threatened by a deteriorating economic situation and doubt their ability to manage it. Feeling threatened and powerless, the team accuses other lower-level managers of being unable to control the situation or of lacking the ability or desire to do so. Which of the following biases is being experienced by the top-management team?

A) representativeness
B) projection
C) frequency
D) cognitive dissonance