Question 1

In Milgram's studies of compliance, he found evidence for all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   deindividuation
B)   detached responsibility
C)   importance of presence of an authority figure
D)   social facilitation D

Question 2

Alice donated $1,000 to a charity anonymously. We would likely conclude that her behavior was:

Accepted Answer

A)   selfish
B)   altruistic
C)   normal
D)   obedience B

Question 3

In Asch's line comparison study, some participants did not appear different than other participants, called _____ social influence.

Accepted Answer

A)   distortion
B)   normative
C)  , perceptual
D)   informational B

Question 4

When is an individual most likely to be compliant with directions to do something he or she feels is wrong?

Accepted Answer

A)   when there is a sound scientific reason for doing so
B)   when the responsibility can be placed on someone else
C)   when they can be identified as the one who complied
D)   when they are angry

Question 5

According to the experiments by Latané and Darley:

Accepted Answer

A)   presence of a stranger causes one to react more quickly to an emergency
B)   presence of a stranger causes one to react more slowly in an emergency
C)   presence of a friend reduces the probability that a person will aid another
D)   people who were alone were the least likely to react quickly to an emergency

Question 6

If we compare conformity with compliance we find:

Accepted Answer

A)   there is no appreciable difference between them.
B)   conformity is more related to authority.
C)   compliance is more related to a direct request to change behavior.
D)   we are "asked" or "told" to conform but we "want" to comply.

Question 7

Asch found in his line comparison study some participants assumed their judgment was incorrect, which is called _____ social influence.

Accepted Answer

A)   informational
B)   perceptual
C)   normative
D)   disruptive

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a major criticism of the cognitive dissonance theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   other explanations for behaviors are not ruled out
B)   the theory is too vague
C)   there are several ways to reduce dissonance
D)   there is only one way to reduce dissonance

Question 9

Cialdini and colleagues (1975) concluded that the door-in-the-face effect was due to a motive called:

Accepted Answer

A)   social conformity
B)   reciprocal concessions
C)   social facilitation
D)   revenge

Question 10

Which of the following is an unbalanced relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)   3 positive
B)   2 negative, 1 positive
C)   3 negative
D)   2 positive, 1 negative

Question 11

Milgram argues that the basis for obedience or compliance is:

Accepted Answer

A)   one's ability to view oneself as simply an instrument carrying out the orders of someone else
B)   one's desire to do what is morally correct
C)   fear of punishment
D)   lack of empathy

Question 12

Upon what does bystander intervention LEAST depend?

Accepted Answer

A)   size of the group around the emergency
B)   personality characteristics of the helper
C)   characteristics of the emergency situation
D)   presence or absence of a friend of the helper

Question 13

Studies of postdecisional dissonance and selective exposure to information demonstrate all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   commitment to choice is not necessary for postdecisional dissonance
B)   postdecisional dissonance most often leads to regret of choice
C)   postdecisional dissonance most leads to seeking information that supports the rejected choice
D)   postdecisional dissonance never lends to regret of choice

Question 14

In Milgram's original obedience study, _____ out of 40 participants went all the way to 450 volts.

Accepted Answer

A)   16
B)   36
C)   26
D)   56

Question 15

In an emergency, everyone looks to others, who are looking to them, and thus everyone appears calm so we think it is not an emergency. Latané and Darley call this:

Accepted Answer

A)   coactor continuation
B)   social facilitation
C)   social exhaustion
D)   pluralistic ignorance

Question 16

In a situation the presence of others takes the responsibility from the individual. Latané calls this:

Accepted Answer

A)   diffusion of responsibility
B)   obedience to authority
C)   social facilitation
D)   pluralistic ignorance

Question 17

Festinger developed _____ theory to explain cognitive consistency motivation.

Accepted Answer

A)   social loafing
B)   rationalization
C)   cognitive dissonance
D)   cognitive balanced

Question 18

According to Festinger, the method most chosen to reduce cognitive dissonance is:

Accepted Answer

A)   the cheapest
B)   the quickest
C)   the easiest
D)   the most logical

Question 19

Cognitive dissonance is aroused when:

Accepted Answer

A)   an individual's behavior is controlled by outside forces
B)   cognitions are consistent
C)   cognitions are inconsistent
D)   an individual does not care

Question 20

A change in one's beliefs or behaviors as a result of real or imagined pressure from a group or individual is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   compliance
B)   social facilitation
C)   conformity
D)   social loafing

Exam 9: Cognitive Motivation: Social Motivation and Consistency