Question 1

Susan is a political cartoonist whose work requires her to think imaginatively and present ideas in visually novel ways.Her work is most likely to be facilitated by

Accepted Answer

A)  hypnagogic sensations. 
B)  sleep spindles. 
C)  full nights of sleep. 
D)  sleep apnea.

Question 2

The experience of vivid geometric images and dreamlike scenes is most likely to be triggered by

Accepted Answer

A)  LSD. 
B)  heroin. 
C)  Nembutal. 
D)  amphetamines.

Question 3

A recurring difficulty in falling or staying asleep is called

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  insomnia. 
C)  sleep apnea. 
D)  paradoxical sleep.

Question 4

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

Accepted Answer

A)  temporary cessations of breathing during sleep. 
B)  periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness. 
C)  hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating weightlessly. 
D)  the excessive use of sleeping pills or other sleep-inducing drugs.

Question 5

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene.This best serves to support the theory that dreams

Accepted Answer

A)  strengthen our memories of the preceding day's events. 
B)  reflect one's level of cognitive development. 
C)  prepare us for the stress and challenges of the following day. 
D)  are triggered by random bursts of neural activity.

Question 6

The popout phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger

Accepted Answer

A)  blindsight. 
B)  change blindness. 
C)  selective attention. 
D)  choice blindness.

Question 7

Although we may be unaware of our gender prejudices,they often influence the way we consciously perceive men and women.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  blindsight. 
B)  dual processing. 
C)  the popout phenomenon. 
D)  the cocktail party effect.

Question 8

Depressant drugs include alcohol,

Accepted Answer

A)  marijuana,and LSD. 
B)  barbiturates,and opiates. 
C)  nicotine,and caffeine. 
D)  cocaine,and amphetamines.

Question 9

Circadian rhythm refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience. 
B)  a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle. 
C)  the experience of sleep apnea following a lengthy transoceanic plane flight. 
D)  the cycle of four distinct stages that we experience during a normal night's sleep.

Question 10

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime. 
B)  Eat a big dinner late in the evening so you'll feel drowsy at bedtime. 
C)  Relax with a drink of your favorite alcoholic beverage just before bedtime. 
D)  Engage in some form of vigorous physical exercise shortly before bedtime.

Question 11

Inattentional blindness is best described as a by-product of

Accepted Answer

A)  blindsight. 
B)  sequential processing. 
C)  selective attention. 
D)  a visual action track.

Question 12

In large amounts,alcohol is a ________;in small amounts,it is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  depressant;stimulant 
B)  stimulant;depressant 
C)  stimulant;stimulant 
D)  depressant;depressant

Question 13

Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  selective attention;the cocktail party effect 
B)  sequential processing;parallel processing 
C)  behaviorism;cognitive neuroscience 
D)  change blindness;choice blindness

Question 14

François was dismayed to discover that some of his football teammates were using drugs to enhance their footwork and endurance on the playing field.Which of the following drugs were the players most likely using?

Accepted Answer

A)  morphine derivatives 
B)  marijuana 
C)  amphetamines 
D)  barbiturates

Question 15

African-American teens have ________ rates of smoking and ________ rates of cocaine use than other U.S.teens.

Accepted Answer

A)  lower;higher 
B)  higher;lower 
C)  higher;higher 
D)  lower;lower

Question 16

Brain regions that are active as rats learn to navigate a maze show similar activity patterns again as the rats later experience

Accepted Answer

A)  REM sleep. 
B)  hypnagogic sensations. 
C)  slow-wave sleep. 
D)  sleep spindles.

Question 17

Prior to age 9,children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor.This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects children's

Accepted Answer

A)  latent content. 
B)  melatonin levels. 
C)  night terrors. 
D)  cognitive development.

Question 18

Who might be tempted to use amphetamines to help him achieve his personal goal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Victor,who wants relief from depression 
B)  Karl,who wants to lose a lot of weight 
C)  Milan,who wants to win his boxing match 
D)  All of these people might be tempted to use amphetamines.

Question 19

After a stressful day at the office,Arthur has five or six drinks at a local bar before going home for dinner.Research suggests that Arthur's heavy drinking will have the most adverse effect on his ability to remember

Accepted Answer

A)  at the time he is drinking the names of the people he has just met. 
B)  the next day the names of the people he talked to and what he said while drinking. 
C)  at the time he is drinking the name of his employer and his own home address. 
D)  the next day the names of the business associates he talked to before going to the bar.

Question 20

Because she was listening to the news on the radio,Mrs.Schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying.Her experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  change blindness. 
B)  blindsight. 
C)  dual processing. 
D)  the cocktail party effect.

Exam 4: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind