Question 1

Smokers with ________ levels of nicotine tolerance are likely to suffer the most severe withdrawal symptoms when they discontinue smoking.

Accepted Answer

A)  high 
B)  moderate 
C)  low 
D)  high or low

Question 2

Research on sleep and dreaming confirms that

Accepted Answer

A)  sleepwalkers are acting out their dreams. 
B)  while some people dream every night,others seldom dream. 
C)  the brain's auditory cortex responds to sound stimuli even during sleep. 
D)  older adults sleep more than young adults.

Question 3

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks. 
B)  reduce REM rebound. 
C)  diminish immunity to disease. 
D)  decrease narcolepsy.

Question 4

Prior to the twentieth century,psychology was considered to be the study of

Accepted Answer

A)  observable behavior. 
B)  evolutionary change. 
C)  consciousness. 
D)  parallel processing.

Question 5

Neuroadaptation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the relief of pain following the use of narcotic drugs. 
B)  continued drug craving and use despite its significant dangers. 
C)  the change in brain chemistry that offsets the effect of a psychoactive drug. 
D)  the increased sympathetic nervous system activity following the use of stimulant drugs.

Question 6

Kara's craving for psychoactive drugs is so strong that she is unable to function at work or maintain important relationships with her family.Kara most clearly shows symptoms of

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory deprivation. 
B)  a near-death experience. 
C)  substance use disorder. 
D)  dehydration.

Question 7

Terry has not had a decent night's sleep in over a week.If this sleep deprivation continues,he will become increasingly susceptible to

Accepted Answer

A)  viral infections. 
B)  sleep apnea. 
C)  insomnia. 
D)  night terrors.

Question 8

A substance use disorder is best characterized by continued use of a substance

Accepted Answer

A)  without realizing it may be addictive. 
B)  in order to lose weight or boost one's athletic performance. 
C)  without demonstrating any behavioral symptoms of being intoxicated. 
D)  despite significant life disruption and physical health risk.

Question 9

Some neuroscientists believe that synchronized activity across different regions of the brain is a sign of

Accepted Answer

A)  the cocktail party effect. 
B)  conscious awareness. 
C)  change blindness. 
D)  selective inattention.

Question 10

A drug's overall effect depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  its biological effects. 
B)  the user's expectations. 
C)  the user's culture. 
D)  all of these factors.

Question 11

The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ________ theory of dreams.

Accepted Answer

A)  the neural activation 
B)  the information processing 
C)  Freud's wish-fulfillment 
D)  the cognitive development

Question 12

Corolina was not aware of what her mother was telling her while she was focused on a phone voice message from a friend.Her experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  dual processing. 
B)  the cocktail party effect. 
C)  the popout phenomenon. 
D)  blindsight.

Question 13

Mark's decision to hire a particular job applicant was simultaneously influenced by unconscious feelings about the applicant's physical appearance and by a conscious consideration of the applicant's reported work history.This best illustrates the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  blindsight. 
B)  dual processing. 
C)  change blindness. 
D)  the popout phenomenon.

Question 14

At the very onset of sleep,Melanie experienced pressure on her body followed by a feeling that she was falling.Her experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  REM rebound. 
C)  night terrors. 
D)  hypnagogic sensations.

Question 15

The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the cocktail party effect. 
B)  the popout phenomenon. 
C)  dual processing. 
D)  selective attention.

Question 16

After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug,Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body.Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)  cocaine. 
B)  LSD. 
C)  heroin. 
D)  marijuana.

Question 17

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is a pair of cell clusters in the ________ that controls circadian rhythm.

Accepted Answer

A)  pineal gland 
B)  brainstem 
C)  motor cortex 
D)  hypothalamus

Question 18

Psychedelic drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input are called

Accepted Answer

A)  amphetamines. 
B)  hallucinogens. 
C)  barbiturates. 
D)  opiates.

Question 19

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning,because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time.Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

Accepted Answer

A)  REM rebound. 
B)  menstrual cycle. 
C)  circadian rhythm. 
D)  hypnagogic state.

Question 20

The two-track mind operates on two levels.A conscious "high road" is said to be________.An unconscious "low road" is said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  automatic and intuitive;deliberate and reflective 
B)  deliberate and reflective;automatic and intuitive 
C)  automatic and reflective;deliberate and intuitive 
D)  deliberate and intuitive;automatic and reflective

Exam 4: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind