Question 1

A man becomes moderately aroused whenever his wife wears a particular red outfit.In terms of classical conditioning principles,the red outfit represents a(n)___________ that has become a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus 
B) previously neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
C) unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus 
D) unconditioned response; conditioned response

Question 2

Habituation has strong adaptive significance because it allows organisms to learn not to respond to _____________ stimuli.

Accepted Answer

A) changing 
B) uneventful and familiar 
C) novel 
D) discriminative

Question 3

Rats learned food aversions and preferences by watching other rats.This type of learning is called:

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning. 
B) generalization. 
C) chaining. 
D) latent learning.

Question 4

Edward Thorndike's _____________ asserted that events followed by positive consequences will be more likely to occur in the future,while events followed by negative consequences will be less likely to occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Edward Thorndike's _____________ asserted that events followed...

Question 5

Operant extinction,positive punishment,and negative punishment are similar in that they all:

Accepted Answer

A) serve to strengthen behaviour. 
B) involve the manipulation of positive reinforcers. 
C) involve the manipulation of negative reinforcers 
D) serve to weaken behaviour.

Question 6

Tommy is stealing money from his mother's purse.Tommy now has money for candy and his mother doesn't seem to notice the missing money.His behaviour is influenced by the consequences of his actions.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) higher-order conditioning 
C) aversion conditioning 
D) operant conditioning

Question 7

Shannon is absorbed in the latest novel and is surprised when she looks at the clock and sees that it is dinnertime.Normally,Shannon starts feeling hungry about 5:30 pm every night but now it is 6:00 pm and her stomach just started to rumble.On her way to the dining hall,Shannon starts feeling very hungry.In Shannon's case,the unconditioned stimulus is:

Accepted Answer

A) The walk to the dining hall 
B) The time on her clock 
C) The novel she was reading 
D) The food at the dining hall

Question 8

Learned taste aversions were discussed to demonstrate the concept of higher-order conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are both types of association learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The field of ethology attempts to study animal behaviour in ______________ settings.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned 
B) applied 
C) controlled laboratory 
D) naturalistic

Question 11

From a cognitive learning perspective,superstitious behaviour can best be explained in terms of:

Accepted Answer

A) negative reinforcement. 
B) perceived contingency. 
C) stimulus generalization 
D) avoidance conditioning.

Question 12

In a classical conditioning experiment that is utilizing backward pairing,the conditioned stimulus is presented after the _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned response 
B) unconditioned stimulus 
C) unconditioned response 
D) forward trace pairing

Question 13

Olag has severe symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.It is likely that neuroimaging studies will show:

Accepted Answer

A) increased activation of the prefrontal cortex. 
B) decreased activation of the right amygdala. 
C) increased activation of the right amygdala. 
D) decreased activation of the prefrontal cortex and the right amygdala.

Question 14

A young boy who learns how to shoot a basketball by closely watching other kids in his neighbourhood is making use of what is called ________________ learning

Accepted Answer

The answer of A young boy who learns how to...

Question 15

In classical conditioning experiments,learning is typically fastest when the unconditioned stimulus is intense and the time interval between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is _________.

Accepted Answer

A) very delayed 
B) long 
C) short 
D) no amount of time

Question 16

Neuroimaging studies have shown that response to a stimulus that signals the absence of shock and does not activate the amygdala is a certain type of stimulus.This is type of stimulus is ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) negative conditioned stimulus 
B) positive conditioned stimulus 
C) positive unconditioned stimulus 
D) negative unconditioned stimulus

Question 17

In operant conditioning,to decrease the likelihood of a behaviour,punishment is applied as a ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus 
B) response 
C) consequence 
D) reinforcer

Question 18

Negative and positive reinforcement are different in that while positive reinforcement strengthens a response,negative reinforcement weakens a response.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Joey likes to watch wrestling on TV,but his mother usually does not allow him to do this.However,Joey has noticed that when his mom has a bad day at work and gets very tired,she usually doesn't mind if he watches wrestling.As a result,Joey usually will only ask to watch wrestling if his mother has had a hard day at work.In this instance,the kind of day that Joey's mother has at work would be considered a:

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned stimulus. 
B) discriminative stimulus. 
C) negative reinforcer. 
D) consequence.

Question 20

conducted experiments with an 11-month-old baby named Albert.Knowing that Albert was afraid of loud noises,they conditioned him to fear a white rat by pairing the presentation of the rat with a loud noise.Though he was initially unafraid of the rat,after several trials,he would cry and become fearful when shown the rat.In this instance,the rat represented the:

Accepted Answer

A) unconditioned stimulus. 
B) unconditioned response. 
C) conditioned stimulus. 
D) conditioned response.

Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

A man becomes moderately aroused whenever his wife wears a particular red outfit.In terms of classical conditioning principles,the red outfit represents a(n) _ that has become a(n) .

Habituation has strong adaptive significance because it allows organisms to learn not to respond to _____________ stimuli.

Rats learned food aversions and preferences by watching other rats.This type of learning is called:

Edward Thorndike's _____________ asserted that events followed by positive consequences will be more likely to occur in the future,while events followed by negative consequences will be less likely to occur.

Operant extinction,positive punishment,and negative punishment are similar in that they all:

Tommy is stealing money from his mother's purse.Tommy now has money for candy and his mother doesn't seem to notice the missing money.His behaviour is influenced by the consequences of his actions.This is an example of:

Learned taste aversions were discussed to demonstrate the concept of higher-order conditioning.

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are both types of association learning.

The field of ethology attempts to study animal behaviour in ______________ settings.

From a cognitive learning perspective,superstitious behaviour can best be explained in terms of:

In a classical conditioning experiment that is utilizing backward pairing,the conditioned stimulus is presented after the _____________.

Olag has severe symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.It is likely that neuroimaging studies will show:

A young boy who learns how to shoot a basketball by closely watching other kids in his neighbourhood is making use of what is called ________________ learning

In classical conditioning experiments,learning is typically fastest when the unconditioned stimulus is intense and the time interval between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is _________.

Neuroimaging studies have shown that response to a stimulus that signals the absence of shock and does not activate the amygdala is a certain type of stimulus.This is type of stimulus is ____________________.

In operant conditioning,to decrease the likelihood of a behaviour,punishment is applied as a ___________.

Negative and positive reinforcement are different in that while positive reinforcement strengthens a response,negative reinforcement weakens a response.

Exam 7: Learning and Adaptation: the Role of Experience

A man becomes moderately aroused whenever his wife wears a particular red outfit.In terms of classical conditioning principles,the red outfit represents a(n) ___________ that has become a(n) __________.

Habituation has strong adaptive significance because it allows organisms to learn not to respond to _____________ stimuli.

Rats learned food aversions and preferences by watching other rats.This type of learning is called:

Edward Thorndike's _____________ asserted that events followed by positive consequences will be more likely to occur in the future,while events followed by negative consequences will be less likely to occur.

Operant extinction,positive punishment,and negative punishment are similar in that they all:

Tommy is stealing money from his mother's purse.Tommy now has money for candy and his mother doesn't seem to notice the missing money.His behaviour is influenced by the consequences of his actions.This is an example of:

Learned taste aversions were discussed to demonstrate the concept of higher-order conditioning.

Classical conditioning and operant conditioning are both types of association learning.

The field of ethology attempts to study animal behaviour in ______________ settings.

From a cognitive learning perspective,superstitious behaviour can best be explained in terms of:

In a classical conditioning experiment that is utilizing backward pairing,the conditioned stimulus is presented after the _____________.

Olag has severe symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder.It is likely that neuroimaging studies will show:

A young boy who learns how to shoot a basketball by closely watching other kids in his neighbourhood is making use of what is called ________________ learning

In classical conditioning experiments,learning is typically fastest when the unconditioned stimulus is intense and the time interval between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus is _________.

Neuroimaging studies have shown that response to a stimulus that signals the absence of shock and does not activate the amygdala is a certain type of stimulus.This is type of stimulus is ____________________.

In operant conditioning,to decrease the likelihood of a behaviour,punishment is applied as a ___________.

Negative and positive reinforcement are different in that while positive reinforcement strengthens a response,negative reinforcement weakens a response.

A man becomes moderately aroused whenever his wife wears a particular red outfit.In terms of classical conditioning principles,the red outfit represents a(n) _ that has become a(n) .