Question 1

A psychologist has several clients who are depressed and most of them report physical symptoms such as fatigue,loss of appetite,and difficulty sleeping.Given what is known about the cultural relativity of depression,which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) This psychologist most likely works in North America. 
B) This psychologist most likely works in Latin America. 
C) This psychologist most likely works in Europe. 
D) It is impossible to make an accurate guess as to where this psychologist works without more information.

Question 2

Discuss some of the disadvantages of classifying and labelling abnormal behaviours.Give concrete examples to support your argument where necessary.Can you think of any advantages of such an approach? Do you feel that the use of such classification systems is worth the potential risks?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss some of the disadvantages of classifying...

Question 3

Jason is sitting in class listening to a lecture when suddenly,for no apparent reason,he starts to become very anxious and tense.His heart begins pounding,his breathing becomes short,and he starts to sweat profusely.After a few minutes,his mind begins racing with thoughts that he might be dying.Jason randomly suffers from an attack like this about three times a month.Assuming that there is no physical abnormality that is responsible for these symptoms,Jason would most likely be diagnosed as having:

Accepted Answer

A) social phobia. 
B) agoraphobia. 
C) panic disorder. 
D) generalized anxiety disorder.

Question 4

Flashbacks in dreams and personal guilt about surviving fatal catastrophes are both common features of:

Accepted Answer

A) posttraumatic stress disorder. 
B) schizophrenia. 
C) panic disorder. 
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 5

Freidlander and Desrocher argue that modulatory control is to obsessions as ______ is to compulsions.

Accepted Answer

A) inhibitory control 
B) response 
C) executive dysfunction 
D) heredity

Question 6

According to Freud,schizophrenia represented an extreme example of the defense mechanism of regression,while more modern psychodynamic theorists assert that the disorder is produced in response to _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) unconscious sexual urges 
B) hostility turned inward 
C) stressful interpersonal circumstances 
D) fixation

Question 7

The characteristic called "waxy flexibility," in which people place and maintain their limbs in unusual and grotesque positions for hours at a time,is most frequently associated with which type of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A) paranoid 
B) undifferentiated 
C) disorganized 
D) catatonic

Question 8

Lucas is accused of a particularly violent murder.His attorney is arguing to the judge that Lucas cannot be tried for the crime because he cannot understand the nature of the charges against him as he is currently _______________ .

Accepted Answer

A) distraught 
B) mentally stable 
C) incompetent 
D) insane

Question 9

Research by Lewinsohn revealed that after controlling for 11 different psychosocial factors,there was still a substantial sex difference in the prevalence of anxiety disorders in men and women,indicating the possible role that _____________ factors may play with this disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) social 
B) biological 
C) cultural 
D) psychological

Question 10

Elizabeth is noticing that her eighty year-old grandfather has been very forgetful the last few weeks.When he took her to the park the other day,he forgot where the car was parked when it was time to leave.He also talks more and more about his time in the war when he was a young man.Elizabeth thinks it is quite remarkable that he can remember things from fifty years ago and he can't even remember where he parks the car an hour earlier.What Elizabeth is detecting may be:

Accepted Answer

A) the onset of a dissociative disorder 
B) the development of chronic depression 
C) generalized anxiety disorder 
D) the onset of senile dementia

Question 11

Attributing the higher prevalence of schizophrenia in lower socioeconomic groups to the higher levels of stress that low-income people experience is characteristic of the _______________ hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) social facilitation 
B) social cognitive 
C) social risk 
D) social causation

Question 12

List and describe the three different types of somatoform disorders.According to Sigmund Freud,how do these disorders occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe the three different types...

Question 13

Impulsiveness,a lack of guilt,and a lack of emotional attachment to people are all aspects of:

Accepted Answer

A) anti-social personality disorder. 
B) dissociative identity disorder. 
C) somatoform disorders. 
D) paranoid schizophrenia.

Question 14

Insanity is both a psychological diagnostic category and a legal term that refers to a defendant's presumed state of mind at the time a crime was committed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Jim lost his job two months ago and has been feeling down ever since.He no longer enjoys doing things with his friends like he used to and in fact,he's had little motivation to do anything.He has lost his appetite and has lost a few pounds in the past few weeks.Though usually a positive person,he has been very self-critical lately and feels that he is worthless.It is most likely that Jim is suffering from:

Accepted Answer

A) agoraphobia. 
B) dysthymia. 
C) a somatoform disorder. 
D) major depression.

Question 16

_________________ is characterized by a relatively constant state of "free-floating" anxiety that has no identifiable cause,while a ______________ is an irrational and strong fear of a particular stimulus or situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________________ is characterized by a relatively constant...

Question 17

The text defines abnormal behaviour as containing all of the following elements EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) It is psychologically determined. 
B) It is personally distressing. 
C) It is personally dysfunctional. 
D) It is culturally deviant.

Question 18

Explanations of anti-social personality disorder that concentrate on the apparent inability of these individuals to learn a fear response when punished are drawing on the ideas of:

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning theory. 
B) psychodynamic theory. 
C) humanistic theory. 
D) cognitive theory.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the humanistic perspective of psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychological disorders are caused by unresolved psychological conflicts. 
B) Psychological disorders are caused by negative and maladaptive thoughts. 
C) Psychological disorders are caused by incongruence between self-perceptions and experience. 
D) Psychological disorders are caused by cultural and social factors.

Question 20

According to Aaron Beck,depressed people tend to have a cognitive triad of negative beliefs about the past,present,and future.

Accepted Answer