Question 1

Your heart races every time you hear the phone ring because recently you received some distressing news over the phone. One way to eliminate this fearful response to the ringing phone would be to:

Accepted Answer

A)  listen to the phone ring over and over for a whole day. 
B)  get rid of the phone. 
C)  change the sound of the phone ringing. 
D)  have the phone flash a light instead of ring.

Question 2

Justin missed his curfew last night and, as a result, his mother has taken away his cell phone for the week. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive punishment. 
B)  negative punishment. 
C)  positive reinforcement. 
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 3

In operant conditioning, the tendency of a response to occur in the presence of one stimulus, but not in the presence of another similar stimulus that differs from it on some dimension is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization 
B)  stimulus discrimination 
C)  intermittent reinforcement 
D)  partial reinforcement

Question 4

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  food 
B)  money 
C)  pain 
D)  gold stars

Question 5

Joan begs her father for a frosted cookie at the bakery, but he refuses to buy her one. Joan continues to whine and complain until finally he breaks down and gets her the cookie. For her dad, the cessation of Joan's whiny behaviour is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcer 
B)  negative reinforcer 
C)  negative punisher 
D)  positive punisher

Question 6

According to Pavlov, learning occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  a neutral stimulus is regularly paired with an unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  a response is followed by reinforcement. 
C)  a negative consequence is removed after a particular response. 
D)  reinforcers are given for successive approximations of the desired response.

Question 7

Thorndike was known for his work with:

Accepted Answer

A)  puzzle boxes. 
B)  modelling. 
C)  monkeys. 
D)  a Skinner box.

Question 8

Alex cleans his room so his mother will stop nagging him. His mother used _______________ to get him to clean the room.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary punishment 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  secondary punishment

Question 9

B. F. Skinner used a chamber equipped with a device that delivers food or water when an animal makes a desired response. This device is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement unit. 
B)  puzzle box. 
C)  Skinner box. 
D)  air crib.

Question 10

A drawback in using primary punishers and primary reinforcers in research is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  they are not as effective as secondary reinforcers in conditioning procedures. 
B)  using primary punishers or taking away a primary reinforcer is sometimes not ethical. 
C)  the experimenter must first make sure that the stimulus has acquired reinforcing properties. 
D)  they are more likely than other punishers and reinforcers to lead to superstitious behaviours.

Question 11

In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus discrimination 
B)  stimulus generalization 
C)  acquisition 
D)  extinction

Question 12

In classical conditioning, when the conditioned response is extinguished but reappears later, the reappearance of the response is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  higher-order conditioning. 
B)  instinctive drift. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  stimulus generalization.

Question 13

Margaret gives her son a quarter every time he makes his bed; she is using ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous reinforcement 
B)  negative punishment 
C)  intermittent reinforcement 
D)  scheduled reinforcement

Question 14

_____________ reinforcement occurs when you escape from something unpleasant.

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive 
B)  Negative 
C)  Neutral 
D)  Compound

Question 15

A variation of the counterconditioning procedure developed by Watson and Jones has been used to treat adult phobias. This variation is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  intermittent reinforcement. 
C)  systematic desensitization. 
D)  shaping.

Question 16

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response 
B)  conditioned response and unconditioned response 
C)  neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus 
D)  neutral stimulus and conditioned stimulus

Question 17

A variation of the counterconditioning procedure developed by Watson and Jones has been used to treat adult phobias. This variation is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement. 
B)  intermittent reinforcement. 
C)  systematic desensitization. 
D)  shaping.

Question 18

Individuals being treated for cancer may develop nausea when they arrive at the place where they have been receiving chemotherapy. In this case, the unconditioned stimulus is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chemotherapy 
B)  nausea 
C)  the place where therapy takes place 
D)  the sound of the nurse's voice

Question 19

Psychologists have taken advantage of the "Garcia effect" in order to develop humane ways of discouraging predators from preying on livestock. Explain this effect and then describe the classic study in which coyotes developed conditioned aversions to sheep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychologists have taken advantage of the "Garcia...

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child learns to blink her eyes to a bell because the ringing of the bell has been followed by a puff of air to the eye. 
B)  A pigeon learns to peck at a disk in a Skinner box to get food. 
C)  Rich saw that when Donna banged her fist against a particular vending machine, she got a free soft drink, so now he bangs his fist against that machine when he wants a free soft drink. 
D)  A monkey learns to escape from a cage.

Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Your heart races every time you hear the phone ring because recently you received some distressing news over the phone. One way to eliminate this fearful response to the ringing phone would be to:

Justin missed his curfew last night and, as a result, his mother has taken away his cell phone for the week. This is an example of:

In operant conditioning, the tendency of a response to occur in the presence of one stimulus, but not in the presence of another similar stimulus that differs from it on some dimension is called ________.

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer?

Joan begs her father for a frosted cookie at the bakery, but he refuses to buy her one. Joan continues to whine and complain until finally he breaks down and gets her the cookie. For her dad, the cessation of Joan's whiny behaviour is a ________.

According to Pavlov, learning occurs when:

Thorndike was known for his work with:

Alex cleans his room so his mother will stop nagging him. His mother used _______________ to get him to clean the room.

B. F. Skinner used a chamber equipped with a device that delivers food or water when an animal makes a desired response. This device is called a(n) :

A drawback in using primary punishers and primary reinforcers in research is that:

In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.

In classical conditioning, when the conditioned response is extinguished but reappears later, the reappearance of the response is called:

Margaret gives her son a quarter every time he makes his bed; she is using ________.

_____________ reinforcement occurs when you escape from something unpleasant.

A variation of the counterconditioning procedure developed by Watson and Jones has been used to treat adult phobias. This variation is called:

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?

A variation of the counterconditioning procedure developed by Watson and Jones has been used to treat adult phobias. This variation is called:

Individuals being treated for cancer may develop nausea when they arrive at the place where they have been receiving chemotherapy. In this case, the unconditioned stimulus is ________.

Psychologists have taken advantage of the "Garcia effect" in order to develop humane ways of discouraging predators from preying on livestock. Explain this effect and then describe the classic study in which coyotes developed conditioned aversions to sheep.

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?