Question 1

Describe two important differences between classical and operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two important differences between classical and...

Question 2

A reliable response becomes less resistant to extinction if it is rewarded on an intermittent schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Extrinsic reinforcers are defined as reinforcers that:

Accepted Answer

A)  are not inherently related to the activity being reinforced. 
B)  are inherently related to the activity being reinforced. 
C)  are related to the satisfaction of accomplishing a task. 
D)  are related to the inherent enjoyment of a particular task.

Question 4

When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box, they found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  food was not an effective reinforcer for the pig and so learning didn't occur. 
B)  when given edible roots as reinforcers, the pig learned the task in fewer than 10 trials. 
C)  the pig was difficult to train because it kept dropping the coin, rooting, and throwing the coin in the air. 
D)  the pig showed intrinsic interest in the task and so reinforcement was unnecessary.

Question 5

Louis is a 3-year-old who is deathly afraid of sitting in cars ever since he was in a mild car accident. He enjoys ice pops and chocolates, and responds gleefully to his favorite nursery rhyme, "Hickory Dickory Dock." Describe the classical conditioning procedure that can help reduce his fear.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Louis is a 3-year-old who is deathly...

Question 6

Kyla wants to make sure that her dog Axel does not beg for food from the table. Every time that Axel begs, Kyla says, "No," in a sharp, scolding voice and she never gives in. Kyla is using ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive punishment 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  negative punishment

Question 7

Professor Inglot gives a student a D on a term paper that was completely inadequate. The D grade is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a secondary punisher 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  a primary punisher 
D)  a secondary reinforcer

Question 8

________ reinforcement occurs when you take a pill to eliminate pain.

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive 
B)  Compound 
C)  Neutral 
D)  Negative

Question 9

Negative emotions and dislikes can be classically conditioned, but it is difficult to use this technique to
condition positive emotions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Joan begs her father for a frosted cookie at the bakery but he refuses to buy her one. Joan continues to whine and complain until finally he breaks down and gets her the cookie. For her dad, the cessation of Joan's whiny behavior is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcer 
B)  negative reinforcer 
C)  negative punisher 
D)  positive punisher

Question 11

The week after she earns her driver's license, 16-year-old Hannah arrives home an hour after curfew. As a consequence, Hannah must wash the car on Saturday and is not allowed to drive it for a week. Washing the car is a ________ and losing driving privileges is a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive punisher; positive punisher 
B)  negative punisher; positive punisher 
C)  negative punisher; negative punisher 
D)  positive punisher; negative punisher

Question 12

Reinforcement is the process by which a stimulus or event weakens or reduces the probability of the response that precedes it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

In classical conditioning, the ________ elicits a reflexive response in the absence of learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus 
B)  unconditioned response 
C)  conditioned stimulus 
D)  conditioned response

Question 14

Alex cleans his room so his mother will stop nagging him. His mother used _______________ to get him to clean the room.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary punishment 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  secondary punishment

Question 15

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increased. Luke always wore Axe body spray. Whenever Laura smelled Axe body spray, her heart raced. Luke's kiss was the:

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  unconditioned response. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned response.

Question 16

Extinction is a procedure that causes unlearning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

After watching her father slide through pictures on his smartphone using his index finger, Laura, a 5-year- old, learns to use her finger to slide the screen on his smartphone. Laura acquired this behavior through ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  observational learning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  counterconditioning

Question 18

Being severely physically punished in childhood is a risk factor for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  depression and autism 
B)  depression, aggression, and low self-esteem 
C)  ADHD and aggression 
D)  ADHD and depression

Question 19

In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus discrimination 
B)  stimulus generalization 
C)  acquisition 
D)  extinction

Question 20

Which of the following schools of thought heavily influenced the study of learning in the twentieth century?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorism 
B)  psychoanalysis 
C)  Gestalt psychology 
D)  functionalism

Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

Describe two important differences between classical and operant conditioning.

A reliable response becomes less resistant to extinction if it is rewarded on an intermittent schedule of reinforcement.

Extrinsic reinforcers are defined as reinforcers that:

When Keller and Marian Breland, two psychologists who became animal trainers, decided that it would be cute to have a pig drop a big wooden coin into a box, they found that:

Louis is a 3-year-old who is deathly afraid of sitting in cars ever since he was in a mild car accident. He enjoys ice pops and chocolates, and responds gleefully to his favorite nursery rhyme, "Hickory Dickory Dock." Describe the classical conditioning procedure that can help reduce his fear.

Kyla wants to make sure that her dog Axel does not beg for food from the table. Every time that Axel begs, Kyla says, "No," in a sharp, scolding voice and she never gives in. Kyla is using ________.

Professor Inglot gives a student a D on a term paper that was completely inadequate. The D grade is an example of ________.

________ reinforcement occurs when you take a pill to eliminate pain.

Negative emotions and dislikes can be classically conditioned, but it is difficult to use this technique to condition positive emotions.

Joan begs her father for a frosted cookie at the bakery but he refuses to buy her one. Joan continues to whine and complain until finally he breaks down and gets her the cookie. For her dad, the cessation of Joan's whiny behavior is a ________.

The week after she earns her driver's license, 16-year-old Hannah arrives home an hour after curfew. As a consequence, Hannah must wash the car on Saturday and is not allowed to drive it for a week. Washing the car is a and losing driving privileges is a .

Reinforcement is the process by which a stimulus or event weakens or reduces the probability of the response that precedes it.

In classical conditioning, the ________ elicits a reflexive response in the absence of learning.

Alex cleans his room so his mother will stop nagging him. His mother used _______________ to get him to clean the room.

When Luke kissed Laura, her heart rate increased. Luke always wore Axe body spray. Whenever Laura smelled Axe body spray, her heart raced. Luke's kiss was the:

Extinction is a procedure that causes unlearning.

After watching her father slide through pictures on his smartphone using his index finger, Laura, a 5-year- old, learns to use her finger to slide the screen on his smartphone. Laura acquired this behavior through ________.

Being severely physically punished in childhood is a risk factor for which of the following?

In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when a stimulus that resembles the conditioned stimulus elicits the conditioned response.

Which of the following schools of thought heavily influenced the study of learning in the twentieth century?