Question 1

Psychoanalysis was developed by ________________, as a way to treat his patients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychoanalysis was developed by ________________, as a...

Question 2

Empiricism means that knowledge about the world is based on the careful observation, not common sense or speculation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A central concept behind the field of health psychology is that

Accepted Answer

A)  psychologists should treat the body before they treat the mind. 
B)  certain behaviors and psychological traits can have an effect on your health. 
C)  mental health problems are the result of untreated physical ailments. 
D)  psychologists should treat patients in the same way physicians treat physical disease.

Question 4

Steve, a college sophomore, is seeing a psychologist because of his intense fear of people. His counselor feels that Steve's fear is a product of unresolved conflicts about his parents, and his childhood experiences with them. Steve's therapist is most characteristic of which school of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorism 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  humanistic 
D)  Gestalt

Question 5

According to the authors of the textbook, what is a key reason why psychology took almost 300 years longer than physics, biology, and chemistry to become scientific?

Accepted Answer

A)  Early scientific methodology was too primitive to use to study the mind. 
B)  Laws were passed in the 1600s that made studying the mind illegal. 
C)  Few people were interested in the mind and behavior prior to the 20th century. 
D)  The zeitgeist of the 1600s prevented people from believing that science could be applied to the study of the mind.

Question 6

Lidia gives a talk at a psychology conference in which she presents her new theory about the causes of autism. At one point, an audience member interrupts and says "but that's just your theory." What is the problem with this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  A theory is not the same thing as an opinion or belief. 
B)  If Lidia is presenting the theory at a psychology conference it must be true. 
C)  If most of the psychologists in the audience agree with Lidia, then the theory is likely to be true. 
D)  The audience member should have used the term hypothesis, not theory.

Question 7

Randi is a practitioner of crystal healing: the use of different crystals to treat medical disorders ranging from headaches to cancer. Crystal healers like Randi use scientific terminology (e.g., energy, vibrations, etc.) when explaining the technique to patients, but do not use the scientific method to develop or test their treatments. This makes crystal healing a

Accepted Answer

A)  metascience. 
B)  pseudoscience. 
C)  episcience. 
D)  protoscience.

Question 8

No matter what they specialize in, psychologists who teach and/or conduct research at colleges and universities can be referred to as ______________ psychologists.

Accepted Answer

A)  academic 
B)  school 
C)  forensic 
D)  clinical

Question 9

Which of the following is true about psychiatrists and clinical psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychiatrists have PsyD degrees while clinical psychologists typically have a PhD 
B)  psychiatrists have PhD degrees while clinical psychologists typically have a only a master's degree 
C)  psychiatrists have PhD degrees while clinical psychologists typically have a PsyD 
D)  psychiatrists have medical degrees while clinical psychologists typically have a PhD or PsyD

Question 10

The early perspective called Gestalt psychology has evolved into the current perspective called

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalysis. 
B)  cognitive psychology. 
C)  behavioral psychology. 
D)  social psychology.

Question 11

Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the scientific study of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement 
B)  alienation and apathy 
C)  mental processes 
D)  self-actualization

Question 12

An individual's personality, as well as situational variables, will determine that person's _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  behavior 
B)  predispositions 
C)  uniqueness 
D)  all of the above

Question 13

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow are _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorists 
B)  psychoanalysts 
C)  humanists 
D)  cognitivists

Question 14

The goal of Wilhelm Wundt's trained introspection volunteers was to break down behavior into its most basic elements.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

A professional who would study how stress affects the heart is a(n) _____ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  environmental 
B)  health 
C)  clinical 
D)  I/O

Question 16

The scientific method was applied to the study of physics, biology, and chemistry beginning in the 1600s, but it was almost 300 years later before it was used to study the mind. Explain why the zeitgeist of Western world in the 17^th century slowed the development of psychological science. Module: 1.2

Accepted Answer

The answer of The scientific method was applied to the...

Question 17

Professor Ashmore approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective which emphasizes how people reason, remember, and understand language. It is most likely that she accepts the _____________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  biological 
B)  behavioral 
C)  cognitive 
D)  sociocultural

Question 18

____________ holds that, when dealing with competing theories, the simplest one should be chosen.

Accepted Answer

A)  Skepticism 
B)  Ambiguity 
C)  The principle of parsimony 
D)  Critical thinking

Question 19

As a critical thinker, what habit is most likely to keep you from basing your conclusions on poor research?

Accepted Answer

A)  examine assumptions and biases 
B)  examine the nature and source of the evidence 
C)  tolerate ambiguity 
D)  avoid overly emotional thinking

Question 20

Psychology:

Accepted Answer

A)  has an applied side. 
B)  is a science of behavior. 
C)  has goals of describing, predicting, and explaining events. 
D)  all of the above

Exam 1: Introducing Psychological Science