Question 1

To most people, the word psychologist conjures up an image of a therapist listening intently to a client. But not all psychologists do clinical work. Describe the different professional activities of psychologists.
Module: 1.3

Accepted Answer

The answer of To most people, the word psychologist conjures...

Question 2

_____ is the belief that knowledge comes through observation and experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  Determinism 
B)  Parsimony 
C)  Skepticism 
D)  Empiricism

Question 3

__________ are built from __________ that are repeatedly tested and confirmed.

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories; hypotheses 
B)  Hypotheses; theories 
C)  Predictions; observations 
D)  Observations; predictions

Question 4

Leonard is missing a sock. His sister suggests that a friend of his may have snuck into his room while he was sleeping and took the sock as a practical joke. However, Leonard decides it is much more likely that the sock was simply lost when he last did the laundry. What element of critical thinking most likely influenced his decision?

Accepted Answer

A)  skepticism 
B)  the principle of parsimony 
C)  tolerance of ambiguity 
D)  avoiding overly emotional thinking

Question 5

Jose reads in an article from a psychology journal that people tend to remember the first and last few items in long lists of information, but have the most trouble remembering the items in the middle. He immediately starts thinking of how he can use this information to change the way he studies the long list of vocabulary terms for his upcoming exam. Which part of the scientific literacy model does this demonstrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  application 
B)  scientific explanation 
C)  knowledge gathering 
D)  critical thinking

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding Darwin's theory of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  it applies to physical characteristics, but not behavior 
B)  it applies to behavior, but not physical characteristics 
C)  it applies to physical characteristics as well as behaviors 
D)  it was discredited along with Francis Galton's concept of eugenics

Question 7

Wilhelm Wundt is best known for

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany. 
B)  writing books on ethics and logic. 
C)  establishing phrenology as a science. 
D)  training doctors to treat mental illness.

Question 8

Which of the following is a good scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Everything happens for a reason. 
B)  Happiness is the meaning of life. 
C)  People born with the zodiac sign Taurus have higher IQ scores on average than others. 
D)  All humans are connected by an unseen force that cannot be measured or observed.

Question 9

Kurt Lewin is often cited as the founder of which perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)  social psychology 
B)  cognitive psychology 
C)  behaviorism 
D)  humanistic psychology

Question 10

A central theme in social psychology is that

Accepted Answer

A)  human behavior can be best understood by studying individuals out of context. 
B)  behavior is a function of both the individual and the environment they are in. 
C)  social situations generally have the same effect on everyone. 
D)  individuals act similarly, no matter what context they are placed in.

Question 11

The philosopher and mathematician René Descartes famously believed that the mind was not made of physical matter, and could exist outside of the body. Descartes' belief in the relationship between mind and body could be described as

Accepted Answer

A)  determinism. 
B)  empiricism. 
C)  materialism. 
D)  dualism.

Question 12

The main difference between modern psychology and earlier attempts to understand the mind and behavior is psychology's use of ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The main difference between modern psychology and...

Question 13

The concept of free will-the idea that we are in charge of our own behavior-is often in conflict with the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  empiricism. 
B)  determinism. 
C)  parsimony. 
D)  materialism.

Question 14

The term pseudoscience refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the scientific study of psychology and related phenomena. 
B)  hypotheses that have been rejected through observation and testing. 
C)  ideas that are presented as science but in fact do not use the basic principles of scientific thinking procedure. 
D)  the belief that the mind is separate from the body.

Question 15

Applied psychology is the study of psychological issues in order to seek knowledge for its own sake rather than for its practical application.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Wundt's primary research method was training volunteers to use _________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Wundt's primary research method was training volunteers...

Question 17

Natalia is in search of the deeper meaning of her life and would like to learn about her potential as a human being. Which of the following types of psychologists would likely be most useful to her?

Accepted Answer

A)  Humanistic 
B)  Gestalt 
C)  Behaviorist 
D)  Social

Question 18

Why was the perspective adopted by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers called structuralism?

Accepted Answer

A)  They wanted to identify the major brain structures. 
B)  Their primary goal was to understand the physiology of the mind. 
C)  They focused their efforts on analyzing the elements of the nervous system. 
D)  Their primary focus was on describing the structure of conscious experience.

Question 19

Placebo effects occur when a person believes they are cured by a particular technique, even if there is no causal reason for a cure to have occurred.

Accepted Answer