Question 1

When a child cries in her babysitter's presence,the babysitter will pick her up and talk to her.Because of the attention,the child becomes more likely to cry in the future.If the child cries when any adult is in the room,what process has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A) generalization 
B) discrimination 
C) negative reinforcement 
D) negative punishment

Question 2

Amelia is studying for her upcoming mathematics exam by mixing problem types during the same study session.For example,she might do a few route calculations,followed by a proof,followed by a few word problems.This form of studying is termed:

Accepted Answer

A) distributed practice. 
B) interleaved practice. 
C) elaborative interrogation. 
D) practice testing.

Question 3

_____ suggested that rats in a maze don't simply produce behaviours in response to stimuli or consequences,but rather develop a _____ of the maze.

Accepted Answer

A) Tolman;cognitive map 
B) Tolman;latent response 
C) Thorndike;cognitive map 
D) Thorndike;latent response

Question 4

The nucleus accumbens,medial forebrain bundle,and hypothalamus are all major pleasure centres in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Certain cells in the brain fire both when an animal performs an action and when it watches that action performed.These cells are called:

Accepted Answer

A) mirror neurons. 
B) dopaminergic neurons. 
C) nucleus accumbi. 
D) motor neurons.

Question 6

Regions in the _____ lobes are thought to be part of the mirror neuron system in humans.

Accepted Answer

A) frontal and temporal 
B) frontal and parietal 
C) frontal and occipital 
D) temporal and occipital

Question 7

Increased discrimination results in increased generalization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Acquisition is the phase of classical conditioning in which the US elicits the UR.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which example describes a judgement of learning?

Accepted Answer

A) receiving an 85 on a standardized exam 
B) deciding to implement distributed practice instead of massed practice 
C) rereading the text and focusing on only the previously underlined material 
D) concluding that one has mastered the material to be learned

Question 10

Participants who are studied under a serial reaction time test are shown five boxes on a computer screen.When a box lights up,they are to click on it as quickly as possible.The boxes seemingly light up at random,but a pattern exists.Over time,participants respond more _____ on this task _____ of the pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) slowly;and are unaware 
B) carefully;and become aware 
C) quickly;but are unaware 
D) quickly;and become aware

Question 11

_____ conducted the Bobo doll study of observational learning.

Accepted Answer

A) Tolman 
B) Bandura 
C) Flynn 
D) Skinner

Question 12

What behavioural measure did Thorndike graph from trial to trial?

Accepted Answer

A) the number of responses made 
B) the time to escape 
C) whether or not an escape response occurred 
D) the amount of food consumed

Question 13

The BEST way for students to guard against incorrect judgements of learning is to base their decisions on:

Accepted Answer

A) a sense of familiarity after massed practice. 
B) a sense of familiarity after distributive practice. 
C) results from practice testing. 
D) the amount of time spent studying the material.

Question 14

Wild-raised chimpanzees imitate a human modelling tool use less precisely than do 2-year-old humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Distributed practice is better than massed practice is for:

Accepted Answer

A) university students but not for children. 
B) matching names to faces but not for remembering facts from textbooks. 
C) remembering facts from textbooks but not for matching names to faces. 
D) numerous kinds of materials.

Question 16

Not only did Little Albert learn to fear white rats,he also cried when presented with a Santa Claus mask or a seal-fur coat.This behaviour was the result of:

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus discrimination. 
B) stimulus generalization. 
C) second-order conditioning. 
D) punishment.

Question 17

Roser and colleagues (2015)speculate that adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)outperform controls on implicit spatial relationship tasks because adults with ASD:

Accepted Answer

A) treated the visual display as a unified whole. 
B) focused on local relations between objects in the visual display. 
C) attempted to give meaning to the objects in the visual display. 
D) encoded the objects sequentially,rather than spatially.

Question 18

The learning process involves the _____ of new knowledge,skills,or responses as a function of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) development;time 
B) growth;maturity 
C) acquisition;experience 
D) gradual accumulation;education

Question 19

Pavlov extinguished the conditioned response by repeatedly presenting the bell and not following it with food.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

In an experiment studying classical conditioning,a tone sounds and 5 seconds later a mild skin shock is delivered to a participant.The skin shock results in a stress response consisting of a temporary increase in heart rate.This process is repeated once every 5 minutes.After a number of trials,the participant demonstrates an elevated heart rate when the tone sounds and before the shock is actually delivered.Within the context of this example,what is the CR?

Accepted Answer

A) the oscillating increases and decreases in heart rate 
B) the increase in heart rate after the shock 
C) the increase in heart rate after the tone but before the shock 
D) the increase in heart rate to either the shock or the tone

Exam 7: Learning

When a child cries in her babysitter's presence,the babysitter will pick her up and talk to her.Because of the attention,the child becomes more likely to cry in the future.If the child cries when any adult is in the room,what process has occurred?

Amelia is studying for her upcoming mathematics exam by mixing problem types during the same study session.For example,she might do a few route calculations,followed by a proof,followed by a few word problems.This form of studying is termed:

_ suggested that rats in a maze don't simply produce behaviours in response to stimuli or consequences,but rather develop a _ of the maze.

The nucleus accumbens,medial forebrain bundle,and hypothalamus are all major pleasure centres in the brain.

Certain cells in the brain fire both when an animal performs an action and when it watches that action performed.These cells are called:

Regions in the _____ lobes are thought to be part of the mirror neuron system in humans.

Increased discrimination results in increased generalization.

Acquisition is the phase of classical conditioning in which the US elicits the UR.

Which example describes a judgement of learning?

_____ conducted the Bobo doll study of observational learning.

What behavioural measure did Thorndike graph from trial to trial?

The BEST way for students to guard against incorrect judgements of learning is to base their decisions on:

Wild-raised chimpanzees imitate a human modelling tool use less precisely than do 2-year-old humans.

Distributed practice is better than massed practice is for:

Not only did Little Albert learn to fear white rats,he also cried when presented with a Santa Claus mask or a seal-fur coat.This behaviour was the result of:

Roser and colleagues (2015) speculate that adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) outperform controls on implicit spatial relationship tasks because adults with ASD:

The learning process involves the _ of new knowledge,skills,or responses as a function of _.

Pavlov extinguished the conditioned response by repeatedly presenting the bell and not following it with food.