Question 1

The grid floor in an operant chamber is electrified.Each time a rat presses a lever,however,the shock is turned off for 1 minute.The rat quickly learns to press the lever the second that the grid becomes electrified.Lever pressing has been:

Accepted Answer

A) positively reinforced. 
B) negatively reinforced. 
C) positively punished. 
D) negatively punished.

Question 2

In Thorndike's research involving cats in puzzle boxes,when did the puzzle box open,allowing the cat freedom and food?

Accepted Answer

A) after a fixed period of time that the cat had been inside the box 
B) after escape attempts had been extinguished 
C) when the cat engaged in a behaviour that moved a concealed lever 
D) 500 milliseconds after a buzzer sounded

Question 3

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario II
A boy with autism sometimes engages in self-stimulatory behaviour such as waving his hands in front of his eyes while doing his homework.Curiously,he engages in this behaviour when his father is around but usually not when his mother is.An applied behaviour analyst working with the boy closely observes the interactions between the boy and his parents in an effort to determine why the self-stimulatory behaviour is occurring.She notes that,on the rare occasions when the boy engages in the problem behaviour in the presence of his mother,the mother simply ignores this behaviour.However,after the problem behaviour occurs a number of times in the presence of the father,the father often intervenes.While he does not provide attention to his son,he does remove the homework materials for a number of minutes,essentially giving the boy a break.This usually calms the boy and results in the cessation of the problem behaviour.The therapist notes that the amount of self-stimulatory behaviour before the father intervenes is quite unpredictable;sometimes the father intervenes after only one or two instances,and sometimes he waits until many instances occur in an effort to keep the boy on task with his homework as long as possible.
-(Scenario II)The applied behaviour analyst would conclude that the father's behaviour of allowing his son to take breaks from his homework is probably being maintained by:

Accepted Answer

A) extinction. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive reinforcement. 
D) observational learning.

Question 4

Which statement about learning artificial grammar is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants usually can verbally express 60-70% of the grammatical rules. 
B) Learning the grammatical rules is explicit;using them is implicit. 
C) If participants cannot explicitly state a grammatical rule,they usually violate it. 
D) Participants implicitly learn artificial grammar without being cognizant of the actual grammatical rules.

Question 5

B.F.Skinner developed the law of effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The functions of the cerebellum are critical for eyeblink conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

_____ conducted research with cats in puzzle boxes.

Accepted Answer

A) Tolman 
B) Skinner 
C) Lashley 
D) Thorndike

Question 8

Albert Bandura conducted the Bobo doll experiment investigating observational learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In rats,taste aversions are elicited by _____;in birds,taste aversions are elicited by _____.

Accepted Answer

A) visual cues;texture 
B) texture;smells 
C) visual cues;smells 
D) smells;visual cues

Question 10

Implicit learning is unrelated to IQ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to Skinner,superstitions arise when reinforcers are not contingent on any particular behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Shaping through approximations is another term for trial-and-error learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Tammy ate raw oysters for the first time and,4 hours later,became extremely sick to her stomach.Now,the smell of oysters makes her stomach queasy.What is the US?

Accepted Answer

A) the smell of the oysters 
B) a bacterium or other toxin that was definitely present in the oysters 
C) a bacterium or other toxin that may or may not have been in the oysters 
D) stomach sickness

Question 14

The "negative" in negative reinforcement and negative punishment means that:

Accepted Answer

A) the target behaviour increases in frequency. 
B) a stimulus is removed upon the occurrence of the target behaviour. 
C) an unpleasant stimulus is presented upon the occurrence of the target behaviour. 
D) the target behaviour decreases in frequency.

Question 15

Positive reinforcers _____ and negative reinforcers _____ the future probability of the behaviour that led to these respective consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) increase;increase 
B) increase;decrease 
C) decrease;decrease 
D) decrease;increase

Question 16

In Pavlov's work with dogs,the unconditioned stimulus was salivation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A toddler has learned that the jack-in-the-box won't operate unless she turns the hand crank around exactly 10 times.The toddler's behaviour is being reinforced under which type of reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

A) fixed-ratio 
B) fixed-interval 
C) variable-interval 
D) variable-ratio

Question 18

Booker has a really bad headache,so he takes a new painkiller.The drug works wonderfully to relieve his headache.The next time Booker has a headache,he definitely will take that drug.Booker's behaviour of taking the new drug has been:

Accepted Answer

A) positively reinforced. 
B) negatively reinforced. 
C) positively punished. 
D) negatively punished.

Question 19

Activity in the hippocampus underlies habituation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Habituation is a type of implicit learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Learning

The grid floor in an operant chamber is electrified.Each time a rat presses a lever,however,the shock is turned off for 1 minute.The rat quickly learns to press the lever the second that the grid becomes electrified.Lever pressing has been:

In Thorndike's research involving cats in puzzle boxes,when did the puzzle box open,allowing the cat freedom and food?

Which statement about learning artificial grammar is TRUE?

B.F.Skinner developed the law of effect.

The functions of the cerebellum are critical for eyeblink conditioning.

_____ conducted research with cats in puzzle boxes.

Albert Bandura conducted the Bobo doll experiment investigating observational learning.

In rats,taste aversions are elicited by _;in birds,taste aversions are elicited by _.

Implicit learning is unrelated to IQ.

According to Skinner,superstitions arise when reinforcers are not contingent on any particular behaviour.

Shaping through approximations is another term for trial-and-error learning.

Tammy ate raw oysters for the first time and,4 hours later,became extremely sick to her stomach.Now,the smell of oysters makes her stomach queasy.What is the US?

The "negative" in negative reinforcement and negative punishment means that:

Positive reinforcers _ and negative reinforcers _ the future probability of the behaviour that led to these respective consequences.

In Pavlov's work with dogs,the unconditioned stimulus was salivation.

A toddler has learned that the jack-in-the-box won't operate unless she turns the hand crank around exactly 10 times.The toddler's behaviour is being reinforced under which type of reinforcement schedule?

Booker has a really bad headache,so he takes a new painkiller.The drug works wonderfully to relieve his headache.The next time Booker has a headache,he definitely will take that drug.Booker's behaviour of taking the new drug has been:

Activity in the hippocampus underlies habituation.

Habituation is a type of implicit learning.