Question 1

Research using fMRIs found that men exhibit greater left-hemisphere activation during language tasks compared to women.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

According to research,a person at what age would have the easiest time and effectively mastering a second language?

Accepted Answer

A)   a 20-year-old
B)   a 15-year-old
C)   a 10-year-old
D)   a 5-year-old D

Question 3

Adjectives for the major modes of thought are:

Accepted Answer

A)   structural and deep.
B)   crystallized and fluid.
C)   propositional,imaginal,and motoric.
D)   inductive and deductive. C

Question 4

Expertise and wisdom can be considered as the same constructs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Seth is interested in studying individuals' ability to recognize phonemes present in different languages.Seth's research interests lie in the area of:

Accepted Answer

A)   psycholinguistics
B)   neurolinguistics
C)   sociolinguistics
D)   anthrolinguistics

Question 6

Greater thinking flexibility and higher performance on IQ tests were specifically mentioned as benefits of:

Accepted Answer

A)   convergent thinking.
B)   effectively using prototypes and heuristics.
C)   being bilingual.
D)   mental representations.

Question 7

Sarah remarks,"It is cold in here,isn't it?" hoping Martha will close the window.Instead Martha comments,"No I don't think so" This is a breakdown in what area of language?

Accepted Answer

A)   syntax
B)   semantics
C)   pragmatics
D)   phonemics

Question 8

A script is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   divergent thinking.
B)   a schema.
C)   wisdom.
D)   framing.

Question 9

The errors in logic that occurred in response to the "Linda the feminist bank teller" problem are best explained and interpreted by the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   representativeness heuristic
B)   concept of belief bias
C)   concept of a mental set
D)   availability heuristic

Question 10

In Shepard and Metzler's classic experiment on mental rotation,they found that the greater the difference in rotation between two pictures,the ________ it took participants to judge if they were the same.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Shepard and Metzler's classic experiment on...

Question 11

_________ is the tendency to abandon logical rules in favour of our own personal views.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _________ is the tendency to abandon logical...

Question 12

The statement,"Professors are politically liberal" is an example of a(n)_____________,which is created by combining concepts in particular ways.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The statement,"Professors are politically liberal" is an...

Question 13

In Luchins' water jar problems,participants are asked to use three jars of differing volumes (A,B,and C)to create various final amounts of water.After the first few trials,participants learn that the same formula (B-A-2C)will provide the answer for each of the first few problems.However,Luchins noticed that people had the tendency to continue using this formula on other problems,even when these problems had simpler solutions (such as A-C).This particular problem-solving block is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   inadequate framing of the problem.
B)   flawed inductive reasoning.
C)   a belief bias.
D)   a mental set.

Question 14

Theide and Anderson found in their research on metacomprehension in undergraduates,that students who wrote a delayed summary were both better able to assess their comprehension of the material and recall it on a test.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Night-time dreams and studies on mental rotation are examples of:

Accepted Answer

A)   mental icons
B)   mental images
C)   iconic sensory memory
D)   pictorial memory

Question 16

Research on the linguistic relativity hypothesis has revealed that language can determine how we think.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

While playing one afternoon,a group of children decided to develop a special language only they would know.Jordan started working on the new symbols for their thoughts and behaviours.After writing quite an elaborate letter using his new symbols he gave it to the other children to try to decipher the message.To their dismay,the same symbols were used in very different ways and different symbols often represented the same idea.Jordan had violated one of the three critical properties of language because his language:

Accepted Answer

A)   was able to produce an infinite number of messages
B)   was generative
C)   was not symbolically linked
D)   did not have a rule-governed structure

Question 18

Charlotte had seen many beautiful diamonds before but she had never seen a purple diamond.Therefore Charlotte reasoned that purple diamonds do not exist.Charlotte's reasoning may be in error because it leads to a likelihood rather than a certainty.This is called ______________ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A)   inductive
B)   deductive
C)   divergent
D)   convergent

Question 19

According to your textbook,does research support the view that mental imagery is perceptual in nature or that it is based on linguistic concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)   Research supports the view that mental imagery is perceptual in nature.
B)   Research supports the view that mental imagery is based on linguistic concepts.
C)   Research using mental rotation and visual scanning tasks support the viewpoint that mental imagery is perceptual in nature but brain research supports the view that it is based on linguistic concepts.
D)   Research using mental rotation and visual scanning tasks support the viewpoint that mental imagery is based on linguistic concepts but brain research supports the view that it is perceptual in nature.

Question 20

Jeremy is struggling with a problem at work.After a while he decides to take a break and grab some lunch with some friends.When he returns from lunch,he looks at his work again and suddenly sees the answer.Going for lunch probably served as a chance for:

Accepted Answer

A)   Jeremy to develop a problem-solving schema.
B)   divergent thinking.
C)   incubation to occur.
D)   means-ends analysis.

Exam 9: Language and Thinking

Research using fMRIs found that men exhibit greater left-hemisphere activation during language tasks compared to women.

According to research,a person at what age would have the easiest time and effectively mastering a second language?

Adjectives for the major modes of thought are:

Expertise and wisdom can be considered as the same constructs.

Seth is interested in studying individuals' ability to recognize phonemes present in different languages.Seth's research interests lie in the area of:

Greater thinking flexibility and higher performance on IQ tests were specifically mentioned as benefits of:

Sarah remarks,"It is cold in here,isn't it?" hoping Martha will close the window.Instead Martha comments,"No I don't think so" This is a breakdown in what area of language?

A script is an example of:

The errors in logic that occurred in response to the "Linda the feminist bank teller" problem are best explained and interpreted by the ____________________.

In Shepard and Metzler's classic experiment on mental rotation,they found that the greater the difference in rotation between two pictures,the ________ it took participants to judge if they were the same.

_________ is the tendency to abandon logical rules in favour of our own personal views.

The statement,"Professors are politically liberal" is an example of a(n)_____________,which is created by combining concepts in particular ways.

Theide and Anderson found in their research on metacomprehension in undergraduates,that students who wrote a delayed summary were both better able to assess their comprehension of the material and recall it on a test.

Night-time dreams and studies on mental rotation are examples of:

Research on the linguistic relativity hypothesis has revealed that language can determine how we think.

Charlotte had seen many beautiful diamonds before but she had never seen a purple diamond.Therefore Charlotte reasoned that purple diamonds do not exist.Charlotte's reasoning may be in error because it leads to a likelihood rather than a certainty.This is called ______________ reasoning.

According to your textbook,does research support the view that mental imagery is perceptual in nature or that it is based on linguistic concepts?

Jeremy is struggling with a problem at work.After a while he decides to take a break and grab some lunch with some friends.When he returns from lunch,he looks at his work again and suddenly sees the answer.Going for lunch probably served as a chance for: