Question 1

In a negative correlation,higher scores on one variable are associated with ____________ scores on a second variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  the same 
B)  lower 
C)  random 
D)  higher

Question 2

The procedure that ensures that all subjects have an equal chance of being in any group or condition within the experiment is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  random sampling. 
B)  random choice. 
C)  random assortment. 
D)  random assignment.

Question 3

When the researcher observes behaviour as it occurs in a normal or typical setting,she is using _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  survey research 
B)  a case study 
C)  correlational research 
D)  naturalistic observation

Question 4

The problem that occurs when we can't tell which of two variables causes the other (i.e. ,does A cause B or does B cause A)is called the third-variable problem.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An educational psychologist wants to study the effectiveness of using the Internet as a way of taking academic classes.She designs a study in which one group of students is assigned to take a course in a standard classroom with a live instructor.Another group of students is assigned to take the same course over the Internet.The psychologist then compares the course grades for students in each of the two groups.In this case,the instruction group (regular class vs.Internet class)would be considered the ____________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent 
B)  correlational 
C)  confounding 
D)  independent

Question 6

You study 100 children for a month,measuring how much TV they watch and how many aggressive acts they perform.You find that TV watching and aggression are highly and positively correlated.Based on this study,you can:

Accepted Answer

A)  conclude that watching TV caused children to behave more aggressively. 
B)  conclude that an aggressive personality causes children to watch more TV. 
C)  conclude that TV watching and aggression are causally related,although you can't tell which causes which. 
D)  NOT draw any causal conclusions about the relation between TV watching and aggression.

Question 7

An important advantage of naturalistic observation is that it can:

Accepted Answer

A)  provide important information on cause-effect relationships. 
B)  more easily be incorporated into meta-analyses. 
C)  provide detailed information on naturally occurring behaviour. 
D)  tend to have low external validity.

Question 8

A researcher is examining the relation between two variables: variable X and variable Y.If she is conducting a correlational study,the researcher ____________ variable X and ____________ variable Y.

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulates;manipulates 
B)  manipulates;measures 
C)  measures;manipulates 
D)  measures;measures

Question 9

An animal researcher is studying the effect of a new drug on the memory of mice.One group of mice receives the drug,whereas a second group does not.The memory of the mice is then tested by how quickly they can negotiate a maze.In this example,the group of mice that does NOT receive the drug would be considered the ____________ group.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  correlational 
C)  control 
D)  confounding

Question 10

Because people or animals sometimes change their behaviour when they know they are being watched,researchers often make use of ____________ measures of behaviour in order to avoid this problem.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Because people or animals sometimes change their...

Question 11

Which of the following best represents a good scientific attitude? Science:

Accepted Answer

A)  is a collection of facts. 
B)  can solve world problems. 
C)  is more valuable when people have a healthy skepticism. 
D)  always provides firm conclusions.

Question 12

A procedure in which every member of a population has an equal probability of being selected to participate in the study is called

Accepted Answer

A)  population assignment. 
B)  snowball sampling. 
C)  random assignment. 
D)  random sampling.

Question 13

A hypothesis is best considered as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  tentative explanation or prediction about some phenomenon. 
B)  attempt to explain something after it has already occurred. 
C)  set of formal statements that explain how certain events are related to one another. 
D)  particular type of experimenter expectancy.

Question 14

If there is a strong correlation suggesting that more parental involvement is associated with fewer behaviour problems for children,which would be the most likely correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  1.00 
B)  0.20 
C)  -0.20 
D)  -0.80

Question 15

Designs in which each participant is exposed to each condition or group in an experiment,control for individual differences by _________________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  randomly sampling them 
B)  holding them constant 
C)  balancing them 
D)  equalizing them

Question 16

Initially,people or animals may behave differently if they are being watched,but,over time,they become acclimated to the presence of an observer and their behaviour returns to normal.This process is specifically referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptation. 
B)  naturalization. 
C)  adjustment. 
D)  habituation.

Question 17

Numerous researchers have conducted research examining the effect of media violence on aggression.Which of the following would you want to conduct to reach an overall conclusion about the phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  An experiment. 
B)  A survey. 
C)  A meta-analysis. 
D)  A case study.

Question 18

The process of repeating an experiment to determine whether the same results can be obtained is called _________.

Accepted Answer

A)  replication 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  repeat sampling 
D)  experimental evaluation

Question 19

When two variables have been combined in such a way that we can't determine which one had an effect on the dependent variable,this means the variables are ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When two variables have been combined in...

Question 20

A young man is interested in making a good impression on the parents of the person he is currently dating.Because of this,when he meets them he overemphasizes his good qualities and ignores many of his shortcomings.This man's behaviour is most relevant to which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter expectancy effects 
B)  the social desirability bias 
C)  confounding variables 
D)  demand characteristics

Exam 2: Studying Behaviour Scientifically