Question 1

Being in a good mood has been found to be one of the factors that __________ the helping behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  has little effect on 
D)  researchers have not studied in order to measure

Question 2

Some people are intense supporters of their favourite sports team.These people are not actually on the team and get intangible benefits when their team wins.Yet their self-esteem is strongly affected by the performance of the team.The theory that would best explain this effect is the ______________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  social identity 
B)  realistic conflict 
C)  social exchange 
D)  negative state relief

Question 3

The tendency to be more alert to the information that is received first and the tendency of using this initial information to shape how subsequent information is to be perceived are both most relevant while explaining:

Accepted Answer

A)  the primacy effect. 
B)  social facilitation. 
C)  the fundamental attribution error. 
D)  the self-serving bias.

Question 4

"Prejudice is created by people's need to enhance or restore their self-esteem" is argued by the theory called the ___________________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative state relief 
B)  self-enhancement 
C)  realistic conflict 
D)  social identity

Question 5

When forming impressions of people,how people tend to attach more importance to initial information that is learned about a person refers to the ___________ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  recency effect 
B)  stereotype effect 
C)  primacy effect 
D)  source effect

Question 6

The matching effect refers to people's tendency to prefer romantic partners whose major personality traits are similar to their own.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Cognitive dissonance theory is to self-perception theory as:

Accepted Answer

A)  attribution is to attitude. 
B)  tension reduction is to behavioural observation. 
C)  norm is to information. 
D)  peripheral is to central.

Question 8

You believe that your roommate didn't clean the kitchen last night because he was exhausted after an unusually busy day at work.You would be making a(n)____________ attribution.

Accepted Answer

A)  personal 
B)  situational 
C)  institutional 
D)  teleological

Question 9

When explaining our own behaviour,if we make more personal attributions for successes and more situational attributions for failures,___________ occurs.

Accepted Answer

A)  the fundamental attribution error 
B)  the social facilitation 
C)  the attributional polarization 
D)  the self-serving bias

Question 10

Results from the Roland Irwin and Alan Gross study (1995)examining the impact of two different video games on aggressive behaviour obtained all of the following results for boys who played the violent video games,EXCEPT,they:

Accepted Answer

A)  showed more physical and verbal aggression toward toys. 
B)  showed a greater tendency to respond to ambiguous stimuli with aggression. 
C)  displayed more verbal aggression toward a peer during a free-play period. 
D)  displayed more physical aggression toward a peer during a competitive game.

Question 11

Counter-attitudinal behaviours change attitudes because they generate an uncomfortable state of tension according to the theory of _______________,whereas the ________________ argues that the same changes are the product of logically inferring attitudes based on the observation of behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance;self-perception theory 
B)  cognitive dissonance;theory of planned behaviour 
C)  self-perception;cognitive dissonance theory 
D)  realistic conflict;cognitive dissonance theory

Question 12

When presented with Stanley Milgram's experimental design,a group of experts and lay people estimated that approximately 1% of the participants would be completely obedient,but the results from his study indicated that ______ of his male and female participants obeyed the experimenter until the conclusion of the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  55% 
B)  65% 
C)  75% 
D)  85%

Question 13

Prejudice is fostered in large part by competition for limited resources,according to the _________________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  social identity 
B)  kin selection 
C)  realistic conflict 
D)  stereotype threat

Question 14

Studies have indicated that attitudes are good predictors of behaviours when people are ______________ of their attitudes and when the attitudes are _____________ held.

Accepted Answer

A)  not aware;strongly 
B)  not aware;not strongly 
C)  aware;strongly 
D)  aware;not strongly

Question 15

The fact that the guards in the Stanford Prison study,who did not know that they were being observed,did not use their actual names,and wore reflective sunglasses that prevented direct eye contact,all suggest that _____________ may have played a key role in producing the results obtained in this experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-fulfilling prophecy 
B)  social facilitation 
C)  the perceived legitimacy of the authority figures 
D)  deindividuation

Question 16

Studies have revealed that identical twins are ___________ similar in their aggressive behaviours than fraternal twins are,__________ when the identical twins are raised in different homes with presumably different environments.

Accepted Answer

A)  more;except 
B)  more;even 
C)  less;except 
D)  less;even

Question 17

The study conducted by Richard LaPiere in 1934 using a young Chinese couple as participants demonstrated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  people in the United States were highly prejudiced against Asians at that time. 
B)  normative social influence is largely responsible for prejudiced attitudes. 
C)  people's attitudes did not correlate well with their actual behaviours. 
D)  much prejudicial behaviour appears to be motivated by stereotype threat.

Question 18

The fundamental attribution error refers to how people tend to __________ the importance of personal factors and ___________ the importance of situational factors when explaining other people's behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  overestimate;overestimate 
B)  overestimate;underestimate 
C)  underestimate;overestimate 
D)  underestimate;underestimate

Question 19

Most people have attitudes toward recycling,but people may not always be aware of these attitudes.If a city puts up several billboards that say "WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT RECYCLING?" (making people more aware of their attitudes),you would expect:

Accepted Answer

A)  more recycling behaviours. 
B)  fewer recycling behaviours. 
C)  no change in recycling behaviours. 
D)  changes in driving habits.

Question 20

Research on helping behaviour indicates that ____________ bystanders are more likely to help ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  male;men than women 
B)  male;women than men 
C)  female;men than women 
D)  female;women than men

Exam 13: Behaviour in a Social Context

Being in a good mood has been found to be one of the factors that __________ the helping behaviour.

The tendency to be more alert to the information that is received first and the tendency of using this initial information to shape how subsequent information is to be perceived are both most relevant while explaining:

"Prejudice is created by people's need to enhance or restore their self-esteem" is argued by the theory called the ___________________ theory.

When forming impressions of people,how people tend to attach more importance to initial information that is learned about a person refers to the ___________ effect.

The matching effect refers to people's tendency to prefer romantic partners whose major personality traits are similar to their own.

Cognitive dissonance theory is to self-perception theory as:

You believe that your roommate didn't clean the kitchen last night because he was exhausted after an unusually busy day at work.You would be making a(n) ____________ attribution.

When explaining our own behaviour,if we make more personal attributions for successes and more situational attributions for failures,___________ occurs.

Results from the Roland Irwin and Alan Gross study (1995) examining the impact of two different video games on aggressive behaviour obtained all of the following results for boys who played the violent video games,EXCEPT,they:

Counter-attitudinal behaviours change attitudes because they generate an uncomfortable state of tension according to the theory of _,whereas the __ argues that the same changes are the product of logically inferring attitudes based on the observation of behaviour.

Prejudice is fostered in large part by competition for limited resources,according to the _________________ theory.

Studies have indicated that attitudes are good predictors of behaviours when people are __ of their attitudes and when the attitudes are _ held.

Studies have revealed that identical twins are _ similar in their aggressive behaviours than fraternal twins are, when the identical twins are raised in different homes with presumably different environments.

The study conducted by Richard LaPiere in 1934 using a young Chinese couple as participants demonstrated that:

The fundamental attribution error refers to how people tend to the importance of personal factors and _ the importance of situational factors when explaining other people's behaviour.

Most people have attitudes toward recycling,but people may not always be aware of these attitudes.If a city puts up several billboards that say "WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT RECYCLING?" (making people more aware of their attitudes) ,you would expect:

Research on helping behaviour indicates that bystanders are more likely to help __.