Question 1

In which form of learning is behavior influenced by its consequences?

Accepted Answer

A) primary conditioning 
B) classical conditioning 
C) operant conditioning 
D) delayed conditioning

Question 2

After learning to fear a white rat,Little Albert responded with fear to the sight of a rabbit.This best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning. 
B) generalization. 
C) operant conditioning. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 3

Although Josh learned aggressive behaviors by watching a violent movie,he did not imitate those behaviors until days later,when he was offered money to do so.Josh's behavior best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) latent learning. 
C) unconditioned stimuli. 
D) intrinsic motivation.

Question 4

When toddlers are classically conditioned to fear moving cars,they also become afraid of moving trucks and motorcycles.This best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A) spontaneous recovery. 
B) observational learning. 
C) generalization. 
D) discrimination.

Question 5

If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food,a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light.In this case,the light is a ________ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A) partial 
B) primary 
C) conditioned 
D) delayed

Question 6

Mirror neurons are believed by some scientists to provide a biological basis for

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning. 
B) cognitive maps. 
C) observational learning. 
D) extrinsic motivation.

Question 7

Adult males who spent three evenings watching sexually violent films became

Accepted Answer

A) progressively more bothered by the filmed violence and later expressed more sympathy for domestic violence victims. 
B) progressively less bothered by the filmed violence and later expressed less sympathy for domestic violence victims. 
C) progressively less bothered by the filmed violence and later expressed more sympathy for domestic violence victims. 
D) progressively more bothered by the filmed violence and later expressed less sympathy for domestic violence victims.

Question 8

John B.Watson believed that psychology should be the science of

Accepted Answer

A) observable behavior. 
B) cognitive processes. 
C) genetic predispositions. 
D) all of these factors.

Question 9

Which of the following provides evidence that a CR is not completely eliminated during extinction?

Accepted Answer

A) operant behavior 
B) spontaneous recovery 
C) generalization 
D) discrimination

Question 10

John B.Watson emphasized that

Accepted Answer

A) learning depends on how predictably rather than how frequently events are associated. 
B) unlike lower animals,humans learn through a process of cognition. 
C) both humans and lower animals learn to expect that a CS will be followed by a US. 
D) learning should be explained without any reference to mental processes.

Question 11

For the most rapid acquisition of a CR,the NS should be presented

Accepted Answer

A) shortly after the CR. 
B) shortly after the US. 
C) shortly before the US. 
D) at the same time as the US.

Question 12

New golfers learn putting skills best if they are first reinforced for making short putts followed by reinforcement for making putts that are increasingly farther away from the hole.This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

A) delayed reinforcement. 
B) shaping. 
C) variable-interval reinforcement schedules. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 13

In Pavlov's experiments,the sound of the tone triggered the dog's salivation.Salivation to the sound of a tone was a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) conditioned response. 
B) unconditioned stimulus. 
C) unconditioned response. 
D) conditioned stimulus.

Question 14

Male Japanese quail became sexually aroused by a red light that had previously been associated with the presentation of a female quail.In this instance,the female quail is a

Accepted Answer

A) UR. 
B) US. 
C) CR. 
D) CS.

Question 15

After a scary biking accident,Alex extinguished his conditioned fear of bikes by cycling on a safe biking trail every day for a week.The reappearance of his previously extinguished fear when he rode a bike on the same trail two weeks later best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) discrimination. 
B) operant behavior. 
C) generalization. 
D) spontaneous recovery.

Question 16

A real estate agent showed Gavin several pictures of lakeshore property while they were eating a delicious,mouth-watering meal.Later,when Gavin was given a tour of the property,he drooled with delight.For Gavin,the lakeshore property was a

Accepted Answer

A) US. 
B) CS. 
C) UR. 
D) CR.

Question 17

Learning that certain events occur together is called

Accepted Answer

A) unconditional responding. 
B) respondent behavior. 
C) observational learning. 
D) associative learning.

Question 18

Correlational studies show that heavy exposure to media violence among U.S.9- to 11-year-olds ________ increased rates of violent behavior when they were teens.

Accepted Answer

A) inhibited 
B) caused 
C) was unrelated to 
D) predicted

Question 19

Some research on observational learning would suggest that a televised fistfight may lead viewers to mentally simulate fistfighting thanks to the activation of

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive maps. 
B) mirror neurons. 
C) extrinsic motivation. 
D) taste aversions.

Question 20

When seeing a couple warmly kiss and embrace,observers may vicariously experience and mentally simulate the romantic interaction.Some researchers would say that the reaction of the observers is partially due to the activation of

Accepted Answer

A) extrinsic motives. 
B) the law of effect. 
C) mirror neurons. 
D) cognitive maps.

Exam 6: Learning