Question 1

Helping someone in need so that you won't feel guilty is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the influence of instincts on altruism.
B)  the effects of empathy on altruism.
C)  a social-exchange approach to altruism.
D)  the cultural explanation for altruism.
E)  an evolutionary explanation for altruism. C

Question 2

According to evolutionary psychologists,why would Doris be more likely to save her children than her parents in a life-threatening emergency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Doris's children are more likely to pass on her genes.
B)  Doris's children are more likely to seek her out than her parents are.
C)  Doris's children are more emotionally connected to Doris than her parents are.
D)  Doris's children share more genes in common with Doris than do her parents.
E)  Doris's children are less likely to be able to save themselves. A

Question 3

Reuben has three cats at home and doesn't want another one.Still,on the way home from work,he stops to rescue a kitten from the highway.This is an example of _______ behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-interested
B)  altruistic
C)  prosocial
D)  sociobiological
E)  self-sacrificing B

Question 4

An evolutionary psychologist named J.B.S.Hildane once jested,"I would give up my life for two siblings or eight cousins." Why would he say that?

Accepted Answer

A)  We share more genes with our siblings than with our cousins.
B)  Hildane dislikes his cousins.
C)  Norms dictate that we should favour our siblings.
D)  Biology is destiny when it comes to prosocial behaviour.
E)  We generally live in closer proximity to our siblings.

Question 5

Consider the following potential costs of helping: encounters with the police,physical harm,the loss of valuable time.All of these factors are most likely to influence whether

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals feel personally responsible to intervene.
B)  an ambiguous situation is interpreted as an emergency.
C)  witnesses feel competent to help.
D)  individuals believe that prosocial behaviour is important.
E)  help is implemented.

Question 6

In order to best predict whether people will help another person,it is best to know something about _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  their parents' disciplinary practices; their personality.
B)  their relationship with the other person; their personality.
C)  their personality; the particular situation in question.
D)  their past helping behaviours; the costs and rewards of helping.
E)  the costs and rewards of helping; the particulars of the situation in question.

Question 7

According to proponents of the negative-state relief hypothesis,people who feel sad,guilty,or dejected are motivated to help another in order to alleviate their own unpleasant feelings.Thus,the negative-state relief hypothesis reflects a(n)_______ approach to understanding prosocial behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  social responsibility
B)  sociobiological
C)  socialization
D)  social exchange
E)  interdependent

Question 8

_______ refers to any act that someone performs in order to benefit another person.

Accepted Answer

A)  Prosocial behaviour
B)  Kin selection
C)  Altruism
D)  Empathy
E)  Reciprocity

Question 9

Ben and Jerry are coworkers in an exchange relationship.What is most likely to determine whether Ben agrees to lend Jerry $20?

Accepted Answer

A)  how long it's been since Jerry needed cash
B)  how many other people have already turned Jerry down
C)  whether Ben believes that Jerry will pay him back
D)  how much Ben cares about Jerry's welfare
E)  how soon Ben will see Jerry again

Question 10

Which of the following factors accounts for the fact that a person participating in an Internet chat room is less likely to receive help when more people are on line?

Accepted Answer

A)  urban overload hypotheses
B)  pluralistic ignorance
C)  deindividuation
D)  diffusion of responsibility
E)  not knowing how to help

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning helping in emergency situations is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  If a person is determined to commit suicide there is not much bystanders can do.
B)  Due to the many factors that influence helping,students who hear lectures on the bystander effect are no more likely to offer help in an emergency than those who don't.
C)  Being aware of the barriers to help can increase helping.
D)  In the age of cell phones it is usually safe to assume that someone has already called authorities for help.
E)  Helping behaviours can never be predicted.

Question 12

Which of the following is a valid critique of the evolutionary notion of kin selection? We might sacrifice to save people closely related to us because

Accepted Answer

A)  we learn to maximize our rewards and minimize our costs.
B)  we want to ensure that our genes are passed on.
C)  we have closer emotional ties,not because of genetic relatedness.
D)  the social responsibility norm encourages such behaviours.
E)  "biological importance" is only a relative concept.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about research on altruism is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Men were more likely than women to report that they would help relatives in a life-threatening situation.
B)  Women were more likely than men to report that they would help relatives in a non-life-threatening situation.
C)  People reported that they would be more likely to help relatives than nonrelatives in a life-threatening situation but not in a situation that was non-life threatening.
D)  People in collectivist cultures were more likely than people in individualistic cultures to report that they would help a relative in a life-threatening situation.
E)  People in individualistic cultures were more likely than people in collectivist cultures to report that they would help a relative in a life-threatening situation

Question 14

According to Bibb Latané and John Darley (1970),a number of things must occur before witnesses decide to intervene in an emergency situation.According to this stage model,diffusion of responsibility is most likely to affect witnesses'

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy.
B)  assessments of the costs and benefits of intervening.
C)  interpretation of an event as an emergency.
D)  sense of obligation to intervene.
E)  attention to their surroundings.

Question 15

The "feel good,do good" effect in studies of prosocial behaviour refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)  helping alleviates guilt which often leads to a good mood.
B)  people in a good mood are more likely to help.
C)  in adults,helping is self-reinforcing.
D)  helping in emergencies relieves distress.
E)  helping puts people in a good mood.

Question 16

According to Stanley Milgram's (1970)_______ hypothesis,compared to rural dwellers,people in large cities are bombarded with stimulation and work to reduce it by keeping to themselves.

Accepted Answer

A)  urban overload
B)  diffusion of responsibility
C)  bystander effect
D)  evaluation apprehension
E)  stimulus overload

Question 17

Participants in an experiment by Miho Toi and Daniel Batson (1982)listened to an (alleged)radio interview in which a student in their Introductory Psychology class described an accident that caused her to fall behind in the course.Think for a moment about the method and results of their study.Now assume that you need help from someone,and you have reason to doubt that the other person will be able to empathize with your situation.What should you say to that person to increase the odds that he or she will come to your aid?

Accepted Answer

A)  "You've always come through in the past for me."
B)  "If I don't see you tonight,I'll see you tomorrow and Wednesday."
C)  "If you say 'no,' don't ask me for any future favours."
D)  "If you help me out,I'll buy you lunch."
E)  "If you help me tonight,I'll return the favour next week."

Question 18

Bibb Latané and John Darley (1970)had participants complete questionnaires alone or in the presence of two others.When the experimental room filled with "smoke," participants who were alone reported the potential emergency more quickly than those who worked on the questionnaire in the company of others.These results provide support for the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  the overload hypothesis.
B)  pluralistic ignorance.
C)  social exchange theory.
D)  evaluation apprehension.
E)  diffusion of responsibility.

Question 19

Alice Isen and Paul Levin (1972)found that mall shoppers who found dimes were more likely to help a stranger pick up papers he had dropped.These results suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  participants thought the money belonged to the man and wanted to return it.
B)  the dime primed participants to think about the possible monetary rewards of helping.
C)  thinking happy thoughts enhances both mood and helping.
D)  finding a dime instead of a quarter disappointed people,and this negative mood increased helping.
E)  finding a dime put people in a good mood and increased their helping.

Question 20

In a series of studies,Bibb Latané and John Darley have discovered that the greater the number of bystanders,the less likely it is that any individual will help.Why is that?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a series of studies,Bibb Latané and...

Exam 10: Prosocial Behaviour