Question 1

When it comes to social dilemmas such as the Prisoner's Dilemma Game,the tit-for-tat strategy

Accepted Answer

A)  employs consistent responses,independent of the partner's response.
B)  is likely to elicit competitive responses from a partner.
C)  involves secret verbal communications with one's partner.
D)  tends to lead to losses for both partners.
E)  is a means of increasing cooperation. E

Question 2

_______ refers to the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of their individual members.

Accepted Answer

A)  Negotiation
B)  Groupthink
C)  The risky shift
D)  Contagion
E)  Group polarization E

Question 3

Most social psychologists would agree that

Accepted Answer

A)  ironically,the best leaders are those who do not see themselves as influential.
B)  intelligent people make the best leaders,so long as they are open-minded.
C)  those who seek power and influence are never good leaders.
D)  the most effective leaders are those who seek power and influence.
E)  it is difficult to predict who will make a good leader based on personal attributes alone. E

Question 4

Peter Suedfeld and colleague's research on prime ministerial greatness found that situational factors have an impact on who is a great leader.Specifically,they found leaders are considered great in _______ with the exception of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  peacetime; economic crisis.
B)  war; political crisis.
C)  crises; war.
D)  difficult times; economic crisis.
E)  difficult times; war.

Question 5

Social facilitation and social loafing are two very different phenomena that occur in the presence of other people.When does each occur,and what determines whether performance is enhanced or diminished?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social facilitation and social loafing are two...

Question 6

Adele has never driven a car with a standard transmission before.That is,she's never had to decide when to shift gears,push in the clutch,or stop suddenly when the car is in gear.She's just bought a car with standard transmission and wants to practice driving it before she takes it onto the highway.What should she do?

Accepted Answer

A)  have people in the car who are experienced drivers
B)  buckle her seat belt
C)  take her best friend along to provide instructions and support
D)  have a group of friends follow along behind her to help pull her out of a ditch if something goes wrong
E)  drive the car alone and circle a large parking lot a few times

Question 7

You have agreed to lead a group of students who will advise the university president on a matter of great concern to students.More specifically,the president has asked you to come up with a way to encourage students to complete their undergraduate degrees in under five years.A lot rides on what you advise the university president.According to the text,what might you as a leader do to prevent groupthink from causing you to make defective decisions in your group discussions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have agreed to lead a group...

Question 8

Research on the use of electronic discussion groups in "brainstorming" exercises has found that they result in all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  the increased generation of highly offensive ideas.
B)  lowered evaluation apprehension in participants.
C)  the generation of more possible solutions.
D)  more conservative possible solutions.
E)  a richer discussion of possible solutions.

Question 9

Joint class projects,group presentations,voting in elections,and singing in unison are all examples of group activities that are likely to be affected by

Accepted Answer

A)  groupthink.
B)  social facilitation.
C)  social loafing.
D)  evaluation apprehension.
E)  deindividuation.

Question 10

According to the definition presented in the text,which of the following is an example of social facilitation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hinton laughs louder at a comedian when he is the member of a live audience than when he watches the comedian on the television at home.
B)  Sanjay has mastered the material in his psychology course,but fails the exam in a crowded room.
C)  Amy,a novice golfer,performs especially poorly when she plays in a charity tournament with lots of people watching her.
D)  Bill,who tries bowling for the first time with his friends,rolls a near perfect game.
E)  Matthew,an inexperienced actor,gives a wonderful portrayal of Hamlet in front of a large audience.

Question 11

Decision-making groups are most likely to share unique information when

Accepted Answer

A)  the leader points out members' areas of expertise.
B)  they seek consensus.
C)  the leader is charismatic.
D)  their task is additive.
E)  the leader is relationship-oriented.

Question 12

Under certain conditions,people will choose the cooperative option when playing the Prisoner's Dilemma game.For example,when a player _______,that player will be more likely to play cooperatively.

Accepted Answer

A)  begins competitively and switches to cooperative responses
B)  resolves the public good dilemma
C)  expects to interact with his or her partner in the future
D)  begins cooperatively and switches to competitive responses
E)  punishes his or her partner after a competitive response

Question 13

In the early trucking studies by Morton Deutsch and Robert Krauss (1960,1962),it was found that allowing the competing participants to communicate during the game

Accepted Answer

A)  increased the profits for the participant that could wield threats.
B)  distracted the participants from the goal of the game.
C)  raised the profits gained for each participant by a large margin.
D)  did not foster trust and cooperation.
E)  increased trust and cooperation dramatically.

Question 14

To prevent process loss and make sure all unique information is shared the group should do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  assign group members to different areas of information collection.
B)  make use of transactive memory strategies.
C)  assign group members the job of retaining and recording information.
D)  allow the group enough time to thoroughly discuss the problem.
E)  focus the group on quickly achieving their goals.

Question 15

_______ refers to the tendency of people to do worse on simple tasks and better on complex tasks when they are in the presence of others and when their individual performance cannot be evaluated.

Accepted Answer

A)  Social accountability
B)  Social inhibition
C)  Social facilitation
D)  Social loafing
E)  Social norms

Question 16

The president of the Noodle Dome Charitable Trust has just resigned in disgrace,leaving the workings of the organization pretty much on track,but also leaving a large number of employees angry and upset.Bolstered by his previous successes in turning things around,Fred has stepped in to fill the president's role.Fred should adopt a _______ of leadership in this case.

Accepted Answer

A)  task-oriented style
B)  contingency style
C)  relationship-oriented style
D)  disjunctive-oriented style
E)  autocratic

Question 17

Adam is part of a group organized to increase blood donations in a local community.As a social psychologist,Adam has a relevant background in persuasion tactics,but his group members fail to realize the important contributions he could make.This scenario is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a task orientation to problem solving.
B)  poor leadership.
C)  process loss.
D)  intragroup conflict.
E)  goal misdirection

Question 18

You are a member of a group of five people whose task it is to address and stuff 1,000 envelopes for mailing.Research on _______ suggests that it would be better to give each person 200 envelopes to address and stuff the envelopes alone,whereas research on _______ suggests that it would be better to have everyone work on the task together in the same room.

Accepted Answer

A)  contagion; social loafing
B)  social loafing; deindividuation
C)  deindividuation; social loafing
D)  social facilitation; social loafing
E)  social loafing; social facilitation

Question 19

"Who would make a great president? Someone who is uncompromisingly true to her (or his)values,assertive,intelligent,articulate,courageous,and passionate,that's who." The previous quote reflects the application of the _______ theory of leadership.

Accepted Answer

A)  democratic
B)  contingency
C)  autocratic
D)  great person
E)  culture-value

Question 20

The key to success in the Prisoner's Dilemma game is to

Accepted Answer

A)  respond randomly.
B)  negotiate with one's partner.
C)  trust one's partner.
D)  withdraw when one's partner chooses a competitive response.
E)  be aggressive.

Exam 8: Group Processes