Question 1

Assessing whether White people take longer to associate positive words with Black than White faces is an example of the Implicit Association Test (IAT).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

In 1957,Leon Festinger concluded that the evidence to date

Accepted Answer

A) did not show that attitudes guide behaviour. 
B) did show that attitudes guide behaviour. 
C) was irrelevant to the attitude-behaviour relation. 
D) None of the choices are correct.

Question 3

Extrinsic motivation is when

Accepted Answer

A) you engage in a task because of the way the activity makes you feel. 
B) you engage in a task because of the reward. 
C) you engage in a task because there is nothing else you will rather do. 
D) you engage in a task because you have been told to do so.

Question 4

A group of Queen's University "frosh" (first-year students)are taught songs and chants about the superiority of Queen's University.One month later,they have negative attitudes toward all other universities.This is likely due to

Accepted Answer

A) the effects of potent attitudes on behaviour. 
B) the saying-becomes-believing effect. 
C) the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. 
D) the door-in-the-face phenomenon.

Question 5

A person's attitude will NOT be reflected in that person's

Accepted Answer

A) beliefs. 
B) feelings. 
C) intentions to act. 
D) sensations.

Question 6

Impression management is to _______________ as cognitive dissonance is to _____________.

Accepted Answer

A) overjustification; insufficient justification 
B) Bem; Festinger 
C) self-monitoring; self-presentation 
D) self-presentation; self-justification

Question 7

Milford has always strongly believed that it is wrong to cheat.But after he himself cheats on a chemistry quiz,his attitude toward cheating becomes significantly less harsh.What best accounts for this attitude shift?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive dissonance theory 
B) self-perception theory 
C) reinforcement theory 
D) role-playing theory

Question 8

An attitude will be weakly linked to behaviour when

Accepted Answer

A) the attitude is complicated. 
B) the behaviour is not subject to other influences. 
C) the attitude and the behaviour are measured at the same level of specificity. 
D) the attitude is very potent.

Question 9

Yolanda works for the Department of Motor Vehicles in the Canadian government and has developed a new legislation that requires yearly vehicle inspections and mandatory glass replacements for any damage to a vehicle's windshield or windows.According to the principles in your text,which of the following outcomes is most likely?

Accepted Answer

A) The public will resist the new law,and will continue to oppose it in years to come. 
B) The public will resist the new law,but will come to offer more support for it in the future. 
C) The public will accept the new law,but will come to oppose it in years to come. 
D) The public will accept the new law,and come to strongly support it in the future.

Question 10

Research by Daniel Batson found that 1 in 20 students felt that assigning themselves a positive task and another participant a dull task was the most moral thing to do.When given an opportunity to assign tasks,

Accepted Answer

A) 80% assigned themselves the positive task. 
B) 50% assigned themselves the positive task. 
C) 20% assigned themselves the positive task. 
D) 5% assigned themselves the positive task.

Question 11

"Moral hypocrisy" means

Accepted Answer

A) appearing to be moral without actually being so. 
B) appearing to be moral without understanding. 
C) having moral believes without showing it. 
D) denying morality.

Question 12

Compared to attitudes formed passively,those forged in the fire of experience are more

Accepted Answer

A) unstable. 
B) less thoughtful. 
C) more resistant to attack. 
D) more difficult to express verbally.

Question 13

In dissonance experiments,the attitudes-follow-behaviour effect ____________ when participants ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) becomes stronger; drink alcohol 
B) becomes stronger; have no choice in their behaviour 
C) disappears; exercise 
D) disappears; drink alcohol

Question 14

Snyder and Swann asked male students to act as jurors in a sex discrimination case.The men's previously recorded attitudes ended up predicting their verdicts only if they

Accepted Answer

A) recorded their verdicts in writing. 
B) were first instructed to recall their attitudes. 
C) were asked to decide quickly and impulsively. 
D) first discussed their opinions with the rest of the group.

Question 15

A lesson of role-playing studies is that

Accepted Answer

A) participants do not take them seriously. 
B) what is unreal can evolve into what is real. 
C) the results do not generalize the real world. 
D) it is always unethical.

Question 16

Brian and Kate are both watching a movie as part of a psychology experiment.Brian is instructed to keep his facial expressions neutral,whereas Kate is told to mimic or "act out" the expressions displayed in the movie.When monitored for changes in emotional arousal,Kate showed greater responses corresponding to emotional scenes in the movie.What is the best explanation for this result?

Accepted Answer

A) Brian's neutral facial expressions led to a non-emotional attitude about the content of the movie which,in turn,negatively influenced his level of physiological arousal. 
B) Brian felt more dissonance at not being able to respond to the movie and suppressed his emotional arousal more than Kate. 
C) Kate experienced a form of emotional contagion due to the fact that imitating others' expressions influences our own feelings. 
D) Kate is more emotional than Brian,independent of facial expressions,because of gender differences in emotional expression.

Question 17

Which of the following is not an effective component of a brainwashing program?

Accepted Answer

A) Escalating,very gradually,the demands made of the prisoner 
B) Offering large bribes for compliance with requests 
C) Eliciting regular participation from the prisoner rather than allowing him or her to be a passive recipient of propaganda 
D) Having prisoners write self-criticism or utter public confessions

Question 18

According to the overjustification effect,promising children a reward for doing what they intrinsically enjoy will

Accepted Answer

A) lead to more enjoyment in the activity. 
B) lead to less enjoyment in the activity. 
C) increase the time and effort they put into the activity. 
D) encourage them to do the activity on their own,without the promise of future rewards.

Question 19

Based on the findings of James Laird's research on self-perception,if you want to feel happier you should

Accepted Answer

A) compare yourself to those who are worse off. 
B) act happy by smiling. 
C) assume an unhappy expression like frowning. 
D) reward yourself after you have met your goals.

Question 20

Deciding-becomes-believing causes voters to indicate more esteem and confidence in a candidate

Accepted Answer

A) long before they vote. 
B) just before they vote. 
C) just after they vote. 
D) just after the results are known.

Exam 4: Behaviour and Attitudes