Question 1

The idea that our sense of self is often influenced by how we imagine people in our lives perceive us is referred to as our:

Accepted Answer

A) self-schema 
B) looking-glass self 
C) ego 
D) identity

Question 2

The EAR device is used to:

Accepted Answer

A) scan people's brain activity while they are completing tasks. 
B) assess people's ability to accurately process auditory input from their social environment. 
C) measure a person's implementation attentions by coding their free associations about their goals. 
D) record sounds in a person's environment,to ascertain information about their activities and personality.

Question 3

The _____ theory states that a person's effort in pursuing a goal is based on the value of the goal,multiplied by the person's assessment of the chances of attaining that goal.

Accepted Answer

A) auto-motive 
B) expectancy-value 
C) self-discrepancy 
D) action identification

Question 4

The better than average effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) people's tendency to rank themselves higher than others on positive attributes. 
B) people's tendency to perform better than average in areas that are strongly connected to their self-schema. 
C) the fact that most people perform better than average on most tests of ability. 
D) the fact that if you tell someone they have average ability in a given domain,they tend to interpret this feedback more positively than intended.

Question 5

All of the following are true about the self-concept EXCEPT which statement?

Accepted Answer

A) The self-concept always remains stable. 
B) Some aspects of the self-concept remain stable,and others do not. 
C) People quickly process information that is self-defining. 
D) Social contexts play a role in the flexibility of the self-concept.

Question 6

What is the two-factor theory of emotion?

Accepted Answer

A) Emotions consist of a physiological reaction,followed by a specific behavior. 
B) Emotions are delayed conscious reactions to events that are at first registered only unconsciously. 
C) Emotions are the product of a person's arousal level and how they interpret that arousal. 
D) Emotions involve both cognition and motivation.

Question 7

In a study of social identity theory,participants completed an artistic-preference task to determine if they had a "figure orientation" or a "group orientation." In reality,students were randomly assigned to a "figure orientation" or a "ground orientation" group.Next,they completed a questionnaire measuring a new personality trait called "surgency." Some of the participants were then told that members of their same group were high in "surgency." What were the results of this study?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants assigned to the "figure" group rated themselves as high in surgency. 
B) Participants assigned to the "ground" group rated themselves as low in surgency. 
C) Participants who believed their ingroup was high in surgency rated themselves as high in surgency. 
D) Participants who believed that the outgroup was high in surgency rated themselves as high in surgency.

Question 8

A person's knowledge of themselves,including traits,social roles,and social identities,is called that person's:

Accepted Answer

A) ego. 
B) self-concept. 
C) social identity. 
D) working self-concept.

Question 9

Kaguya needs a study guide for an upcoming exam but cannot afford to buy one.She is about to steal one from the university bookstore,even though in general she feels petty theft is wrong.As she is about to walk out of the store with the book,she approaches the glass doors at the entrance,where she sees her reflection.What does research suggest is likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) Kaguya will steal the book. 
B) Kaguya will not steal the book. 
C) Kaguya will do better on the test after proving to herself how badly she wanted to do well. 
D) Kaguya will do worse on the test than if she had not attempted to steal the book.

Question 10

Juwon observes that,in her society,women tend to perform maternal and familial tasks,whereas men tend to perform independent tasks requiring intelligence.According to social role theory,what is Juwon likely to conclude on the basis of her observations?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no biological difference between men and women;rather,their roles are socially constructed. 
B) Juwon is free to choose whichever social role she would like to perform,whether more masculine or more feminine. 
C) Women perform more maternal and familial tasks because they are intrinsically better at such tasks. 
D) Juwon should perform tasks that require independence and intelligence,because there are not enough women performing these social roles.

Question 11

Jama is talking with her coworker.She has a pain in her neck,so she is moving her head up and down vigorously and repeatedly to reduce the discomfort.Jama's coworker is presenting her with an idea that he thinks they should bring up at the next board meeting.What does research suggest Jama's response will be?

Accepted Answer

A) It is impossible to determine Jama's response based on this information. 
B) Jama will likely approve of the coworker's idea. 
C) Jama will likely reject the coworker's idea. 
D) Jama will only approve of the coworker's idea if she was already in a good mood.

Question 12

The _____ system provides direction and energy to seek our goals,and the _____ system helps keep us focused on our goals.

Accepted Answer

A) hot;cool 
B) hot;ironic 
C) cool;hot 
D) ironic;cool

Question 13

According to research,how will training a person to be better at a certain task affect that person's ability to accurately evaluate their own performance on that task?

Accepted Answer

A) Training at a task will have no effect on the accuracy of people's evaluations. 
B) People who are trained at performing a task will evaluate their performance more accurately than if they had not received the training. 
C) People who are trained at performing a task will rate their performance as worse than that of performers who received no training. 
D) Training will lead people to evaluate their performance more positively if performance is determined by social comparison,rather than objective standards.

Question 14

The idea that the more we try not to think about something,the more those thoughts enter our mind and distract us from other things is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) affective forecasting. 
B) ego depletion. 
C) ironic processing. 
D) self-regulation.

Question 15

According to self-awareness theory,what determines whether people distract themselves from negative self-awareness or commit to trying to be better in the future?

Accepted Answer

A) the likelihood that a negative discrepancy can be easily reduced 
B) whether the person's cognitive faculties are impaired (e.g. ,by fatigue) 
C) the person's level of neurotic tendencies 
D) the extent to which the person was invested in the relevant goal before a negative discrepancy occurred

Question 16

Leftover arousal that intensifies the emotional reaction of a separate event is called:

Accepted Answer

A) secondary arousal. 
B) transferred excitation. 
C) self-regulation. 
D) self-awareness.

Question 17

When Max is primed with the fact that spiders have eight legs,that info _____;when Max is primed with the goal of passing his social psychology class,that goal _____.

Accepted Answer

A) induces self-awareness;induces a sense of ought-actual discrepancy 
B) induces a sense of ought-actual discrepancy;induces self-awareness 
C) induces tension and remains salient until an end-state is achieved;fades from memory at a constant rate 
D) fades from memory at a constant rate;induces tension and remains salient until an end-state is achieved

Question 18

Bettina's goal is to become a famous singer-songwriter.However,as her life goes on she begins to feel that this will be a very difficult goal to achieve.What does expectancy-value theory suggest will happen?

Accepted Answer

A) Bettina will keep striving to achieve the goal for the rest of her life. 
B) Bettina will eventually give up on the goal and shift her energy to something else. 
C) Bettina will be unable to achieve the goal but also be unable to give it up,and so she will begin to experience depression. 
D) Bettina will be able to achieve the goal only if she maintains a high level of self-awareness.

Question 19

When you answer the question "Who am I?" you are describing your:

Accepted Answer

A) ego. 
B) self-esteem. 
C) self-concept. 
D) looking glass self.

Question 20

Social identity theory is the theory that:

Accepted Answer

A) people are equally likely to identify with ingroups and outgroups,depending on situational factors. 
B) people define and evaluate themselves largely in terms of the social groups with which they identify. 
C) the social groups we belong to,rather than the culture we are in,define who we are. 
D) people have one prominent social identity (e.g. ,their ethnicity),which defines them across all situations.

Exam 5: The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self