Question 1

Pablo often thinks about the change in moral values in his country as a type of virus.For example,he thinks that loose moral values spread through the community in a contagious fashion.It is MOST appropriate to say that Pablo is using a(n)_____ to understand morality.

Accepted Answer

A) metaphor 
B) experiential association 
C) schema 
D) semantic association

Question 2

In one study on the effects of schema accessibility,students were asked to evaluate a student who smiled while receiving a compliment from the professor.What were the findings of the study?

Accepted Answer

A) Prior priming with words related to arrogance led participants to rate the student as more conceited. 
B) Participants for whom conceitedness was chronically accessible rated the student as more conceited. 
C) Priming with arrogance-related words increased ratings of the student as conceited,but most especially among students with high chronic accessibility of conceitedness. 
D) Participants were most likely to rate the student as conceited if they already had negative attitudes toward the student.

Question 3

Hildegarde is about to meet a man named Frank for a blind date.She has been told by the friend who set up the date that Frank is an introvert.Based on research on the role of schemas in information gathering,which question is Hildegarde MOST likely to ask Frank during the date?

Accepted Answer

A) "What don't you like about being in social situations?" 
B) "What kinds of things do you do to meet new people in a new place?' 
C) "Could you give me an honest opinion of what your personality is like?" 
D) "Are you more of an extravert or an introvert?"

Question 4

In a study by Bless and colleagues (1990),students were presented with weak or strong arguments for tuition increases,after being put in either a positive or negative mood.What was the central finding of the study?

Accepted Answer

A) Participants were equally against a tuition increase across all conditions. 
B) Participants in a positive mood were more favorable toward a tuition increase after hearing a weak argument. 
C) Participants in a negative mood were generally less supportive of a tuition increase. 
D) Only those participants in a negative mood who heard the strong argument were more supportive of a tuition increase as compared with all the other participants.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A) When we are explicitly undecided about an issue,implicit attitudes predict our later explicit preferences. 
B) When we are explicitly undecided about an issue,our explicit attitudes predict our later implicit preferences. 
C) There is similarity among some attitudes when assessed implicitly or explicitly. 
D) Our implicit and explicit attitudes are more likely to align when we feel strongly about a particular issue.

Question 6

The theory of lay epistemology deals with:

Accepted Answer

A) the relationship between perception and motivation. 
B) the role that memory plays in perception. 
C) impression formation. 
D) motivational influences to reach a decision.

Question 7

Which of the following is the BEST statement about the current state of priming and behavior research?

Accepted Answer

A) Research has shown that priming definitely affects behavior. 
B) Research has shown that priming does not affect behavior. 
C) Research has shown mixed results with regard to the effects of priming on behavior. 
D) Research has shown only an interaction with personality,priming,and behavior.

Question 8

Rodrigo is watching his favorite basketball team play an important game.What does research suggest Rodrigo will likely perceive with regard to the number of potential penalties committed by his favored team?

Accepted Answer

A) Rodrigo will perceive the exact number of potential penalties committed by the team,as judged by independent observers. 
B) Rodrigo will perceive more potential penalties committed by the team than they actually commit. 
C) Rodrigo will perceive fewer potential penalties committed by the team than they actually commit. 
D) The number of potential penalties perceived by Rodrigo will depend on whether the team is winning or losing this season.

Question 9

Activating particular associations in memory through an environmental stimulus is called:

Accepted Answer

A) triggering. 
B) initiating. 
C) priming. 
D) stimulating.

Question 10

Leymah came to a party in a generally bad mood,because before leaving her house she found out that her favorite aunt became ill.Leymah is currently single,and at the party her friend Ellen introduces her to several people whom she thinks Leymah might be interested in dating.How does research suggest Leymah will interact with these potential dating partners?

Accepted Answer

A) She will gladly begin a relationship with the first seemingly acceptable dating partner she meets. 
B) She will be very skeptical,thinking carefully and critically about each partner. 
C) She will "go with her gut" and make an unconsciously rational decision about which of the dating partners to pursue further. 
D) She will refuse to even speak to any of the potential dating partners.

Question 11

What does research on priming and motivation suggest will happen if a person is primed with words related to hunger,and then they are then offered a candy bar by one of their friends?

Accepted Answer

A) They will refuse the candy bar. 
B) They will be more likely to eat the candy bar. 
C) They will be more likely to eat the candy bar if they were already hungry. 
D) They will like that particular friend more than they otherwise would.

Question 12

Ricardo watches a scene in the street on his way home from work.An older woman is about to be hit by a car because she has fallen over into the street and can't get back up again.She sees a man walking on the sidewalk nearby and yells to him for help.The man quickly helps her out of the way,and she avoids the danger.Afterward the older woman tries to thank the man,but he shrugs his shoulders and wanders off.Ricardo has the impression-although he can't be sure-that if the woman hadn't cried for help,the man wouldn't have done anything.Research suggests that when Ricardo retells this story to another person,the other person will:

Accepted Answer

A) become angry with Ricardo. 
B) misremember the story as being about an older woman helping a man. 
C) have a more negative impression of the man than Ricardo. 
D) have a more positive impression of the man than Ricardo.

Question 13

Research suggests that people in a positive mood process information:

Accepted Answer

A) in terms of relevance to the self. 
B) in terms of relevance to others. 
C) experientially and heuristically. 
D) carefully and deliberately.

Question 14

Heuristics are defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) aspects of logic utilized in carefully formulated judgments. 
B) mental shortcuts used automatically for making decisions. 
C) mental structures stored in memory,based on prior experience. 
D) impressions that individuals have of important people.

Question 15

In a study,participants watched a silent video of a woman being interviewed.Half of the participants were told that the interview was about sex,and the other half were told the interview was about politics.Participants were asked to rate the woman's emotional state.The results indicated:

Accepted Answer

A) the woman was rated more anxious when participants thought the interview was about sex. 
B) the woman was rated more anxious when participants thought the interview was about politics. 
C) the woman was rated the same with on anxiety level regardless of the topics. 
D) the woman was rated as not anxious in both conditions.

Question 16

Schemas that are easily brought to mind because of their personal importance are called:

Accepted Answer

A) chronically accessible schemas. 
B) associative networks. 
C) scripts. 
D) impressions.

Question 17

The experiential system is _____,while the cognitive system is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) automatic and intuitive;conscious and controlled 
B) conscious and controlled;automatic and intuitive 
C) evolutionarily functional;evolutionarily nonfunctional 
D) evolutionarily nonfunctional;evolutionarily functional

Question 18

All of the following are true of the storytelling bias EXCEPT which statement?

Accepted Answer

A) The listener of the story tends to form a realistic impression of the person or event. 
B) The storyteller tends to tell a simplified version of the story. 
C) Stereotypes can play a role in the recall of information. 
D) The listener of the story tends to form an extreme impression of the person or event.

Question 19

Research suggests that people in a positive mood process information _____,while people in a negative mood process information _____.

Accepted Answer

A) that is relevant to other people;that is self-relevant 
B) carefully and deliberately;heuristically and experientially 
C) experientially and heuristically;carefully and deliberately 
D) that is self-relevant;that is relevant to other people

Question 20

Which of the following statements does NOT describe a way in which the unconscious is smart?

Accepted Answer

A) The unconscious generates creative ideas. 
B) Memories consolidate during sleep. 
C) People are only able to form and express attitudes in the unconscious. 
D) Intuition can facilitate smart decisions.

Exam 3: The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Pablo often thinks about the change in moral values in his country as a type of virus.For example,he thinks that loose moral values spread through the community in a contagious fashion.It is MOST appropriate to say that Pablo is using a(n) _____ to understand morality.