Question 1

Which of the following is the subdiscipline of biology concerned with the study of heredity and variation at the molecular,cellular,developmental,organismal,and populational levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytogenetics
B)  genetics
C)  molecular biology
D)  cell biology
E)  biochemistry B

Question 2

Reference is often made to adapter molecules when describing protein synthesis in that they allow amino acids to associate with nucleic acids.To what class of molecules does this term refer?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA
B)  tRNA
C)  protein
D)  amino acids
E)  mRNA B

Question 3

The _______consists of a linear series of three adjacent nucleotides present in mRNA molecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  genetic code
B)  law of segregation
C)  Watson-Crick base pairing
D)  messenger RNA
E)  chromosomal theory of inheritance A

Question 4

Who,along with Alfred Wallace,formulated the theory of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  James Watson
B)  Louis Pasteur
C)  Charles Darwin
D)  Gregor Mendel
E)  William Harvey

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about alleles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individuals carry both forms of each allele.
B)  Alleles come in two forms,the good form and the bad form.
C)  The phenotype of the individual will always indicate with certainty the alleles of the individual.
D)  An allele is a variant form of a gene.
E)  An individual will only carry one version of an allele.

Question 6

When mutation alters a gene,it may modify or even eliminate the encoded protein's usual and cause an altered _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  structure; genotype
B)  function; phenotype
C)  cell type; genotype
D)  ribosome; phenotype
E)  function; genotype

Question 7

A _______ is an organism produced by biotechnology that involves the transfer of hereditary traits across species.

Accepted Answer

A)  clone
B)  frankenfood
C)  transgenic organism
D)  vector
E)  mutant

Question 8

Recombinant DNA technology is dependent on a particular class of enzymes,known as_______ that cuts DNA at specific nucleotide sequences.

Accepted Answer

A)  clones
B)  vectors
C)  restriction enzymes
D)  genomes
E)  recombinant DNA technology

Question 9

What is the term given to the theory that states that the fertilized egg contains a complete miniature adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction
B)  preformation
C)  transformation
D)  cell theory
E)  conjugation

Question 10

What is a homunculus?

Accepted Answer

A)  the intermediate stage of the DNA after CRISPR- Cas treatment
B)  during development sometimes a growing individual's cell can become mutated and one part of the child has different characteristics than the other
C)  a large cyst or growth on a plant due to viral infection
D)  when the mitochondrion grows in size before splitting into two via fission
E)  a sperm or egg containing a miniature adult,perfect in size and proportion

Question 11

What represents an organism's genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  all the protein in a cell
B)  the nuclear and mitochondrial DNAs
C)  a catalog of mutations in a cell
D)  all the RNA in a cell
E)  an organism's genome can be defined as the complete haploid nuclear DNA content of an organism.

Question 12

The various characteristics of organisms that result from their genetic makeup are collectively referred to as an organism's_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  phenotype
B)  alleles
C)  proteome
D)  genome
E)  genotype

Question 13

Early in the twentieth century,Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri noted that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis is identical to the behavior of genes during gamete formation.They proposed that genes are carried on chromosomes,which led to the basis of the_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  First Law of Thermodynamics
B)  Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
C)  Law of Segregation
D)  Chromosomal Maintenance Theory
E)  Law of Independent Assortment

Question 14

Which of the following contains all the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA strand
B)  hydrogen bond
C)  sugar
D)  double helix
E)  nucleotide

Question 15

Organisms that are well understood from a scientific standpoint and are often used in basic biological research are often called_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  clones
B)  vectors
C)  restriction enzymes
D)  model organisms
E)  recombinant DNA technology

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  depending on the food a turtle eats,it shell may grow faster or slower
B)  human beings develop freckles from being out in the sun
C)  sometime during human's life they break a bone and it heals
D)  a bird's beak is able to effectively crack the seeds it encounters
E)  bacteria can be effectively killed by treatment with bleach

Question 17

In the 1600s,William Harvey studied reproduction and development.What is the term given to the theory that states that an organism develops from the fertilized egg by a succession of developmental events that lead to an adult?

Accepted Answer

A)  preformation
B)  transduction
C)  epigenesis
D)  equational transformation
E)  sequential pattern formation

Question 18

If a scientist changed a cell's ionic composition and complementarity between DNA strands could no longer occur,what would the scientist first detect?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA strands become shorter
B)  cell membranes would become less permeable
C)  ribosomes would move into the nucleus
D)  DNA becomes single stranded
E)  RNA would start binding to DNA

Question 19

What is another term for a biological catalyst?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein
B)  ribosome
C)  lipid
D)  codon
E)  enzyme

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of heredity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flying squirrels have a different mechanism of flight than mosquitos.
B)  Flies and molluscs both have eyes.
C)  Both moths and birds have wings and can fly.
D)  Doberman pinschers and boxers have similar body shapes.
E)  Dalmation dogs all have spots.

Exam 1: Introduction to Genetics