Question 1

An example of____ involves pigmentation in Mirabilis jalapa.

Accepted Answer

A)  organelle heredity
B)  gene dosage effect
C)  nucleolar inheritance
D)  maternal effect
E)  X- linked recessive A

Question 2

Axis development is determined by a MATERNAL EFFECT gene in Drosophila.A dominant Bicoid allele is required to set up the correct axis development in flies.bb two loss of function alleles is LETHAL in this MATE EFFECT gene. A female Drosophila named Eustacia had all dead offspring.What is Eustacia's GENOTYPE?

Accepted Answer

A)  bb
B)  BB
C)  Bb
D)  BB or Bb
E)  Bb or bb A

Question 3

Which of the following is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  In maternal effect,an offspring will have the genotype of their mother.
B)  In a reciprocal cross,if an offspring has the mother's phenotype for both crosses,cytoplasmic inheritance is responsible.
C)  The direction of shell coiling in Lymnaea peregra is influenced by the orientation of the first cleavage division.
D)  It is safe to say that a maternal effect is caused by the genotype,not the phenotype,of the parent producing the egg.
E)  When a maternal effect gene is seen,the offspring will demonstrate the phenotype of the mother's genotype. A

Question 4

Inheritance of the green and white patches phenotype in Mirabilis jalapa four o'clock is an example of____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  maternal effect
B)  organelle heredity
C)  infectious heredity
D)  reciprocal cytoplasmic inheritance
E)  maternal influence

Question 5

What is the name of a form of extrachromosomal inheritance that is due to transmission of symbiotic or parasitic microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogenic paternal transfer
B)  microbial genomic transfer
C)  infectious heredity
D)  organellar inheritance
E)  uniparental genome transfer

Question 6

The plant coleus has three distinct leaf color phenotypes: green,white,and variegated white and green mixed t crosses are made as follows: female variegated leaves × male green leaves gives offspring with all variegated leaves female green leaves × male with white leaves gives offspring with all green leaves
Female with white leaves × male with variegated leaves gives offspring with all white leaves
This is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cytoplasmic inheritance
B)  X- linked recessive disorder
C)  Mendelian inheritance
D)  genomic imprinting
E)  maternal effect

Question 7

In MATERNAL EFFECT,which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a reciprocal cross,the offspring's genotype and phenotype are the same as the mother's.
B)  In a reciprocal cross,the grandfather's alleles have the most influence.
C)  The mother's genotype is the offspring's phenotype.
D)  The mother's phenotype is the offspring's phenotype.
E)  In a reciprocal cross,only the father's alleles are expressed.

Question 8

Through the study of mitochondrial disorders,scientists have suggested a link between the decline of mitochondrial function and aging.What process appears to be involved in this suspected phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  decline of mutations in the nuclear genome
B)  accumulation of mutations in the mtDNA
C)  recombination among mtDNAs of different mitochondria
D)  recombination of mtDNA and nuclear DNA
E)  accumulation of sporadic mutations in the nuclear genome

Question 9

Which criterion below does not indicate that a human disorder may be attributable to genetically altered mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  passed down more readily to male offspring
B)  deficiency in some bioenergetic functions of mitochondria
C)  maternal rather than Mendelian inheritance pattern
D)  documentation of a specific mitochondrial genetic mutation
E)  deficiency in ability to generate ATP

Question 10

The inheritance of the petite phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is complicated by an interaction of mitochondrial and nuclear genes.Which of the following is a false statement about petites in S.cerevisiae?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both nuclear and cytoplasmic mitochondrial genes contribute to the petite phenotype in some cases.
B)  Suppressive petites are characterized by mitochondria lacking most of its DNA.
C)  Segregational petites are characterized by mutations in the nuclear genome.
D)  Neutral petites,when crossed to wild type,yield wild- type mitochondrial function.
E)  The three categories of petites are segregational,neutral,and suppressive.

Question 11

Which three classes of macromolecules are encoded by mtDNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates,enzymes,and proteins
B)  lipids,carbohydrates,and nucleic acids
C)  transfer RNA,ribosomal RNA,and nuclear RNA
D)  proteins,transfer RNAs,and ribosomal RNA
E)  photosystem I,photosystem II,and tRNA

Question 12

What is the expression pattern of dominant- negative mutations in petite strains of yeast?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expression of wild- type mitochondria is enhanced.
B)  Mitochondrial membranes become hyperpolarized.
C)  Expression of mutant mitochondria resembles expression of wild- type mitochondria.
D)  The function of wild- type mitochondria is suppressed.
E)  Mitochondria show enhanced capacity of oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 13

In Neurospora crassa,a mutation called poky phenotype is slow growth)is passed down cytoplasmically.Which cross below is not consistent this type of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

A)  female wild type × male poky yields all wild type
B)  female poky × male poky yields all poky
C)  female wild type × male wild type yields all wild type
D)  female wild type × male wild type yields half poky
E)  female poky × male wild type yields all poky

Question 14

In what way do mitochondrial mutations influence phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  They affect the production of ATP generated through cellular respiration.
B)  Mutated mitochondrial DNA has no effect on phenotypes.
C)  They affect the production of ribosomes and protein synthesis.
D)  They cause the nuclear DNA to segregate ineffectively.
E)  Cells with mutated mitochondrial DNA cannot undergo anaphase.

Question 15

One explanation for organelle inheritance of disease phenotypes is that____ .

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplasts,for example,are completely dependent on the nuclear genome for components
B)  mitochondria and chloroplasts lack DNA and are therefore dependent on the maternal cytoplasmic contributions
C)  organelles such as mitochondria are always wild type
D)  mitochondria and chloroplasts have DNA that is subject to mutation
E)  None of the answers listed are correct.

Question 16

The maternal effect in Lymnaea is such that the genotype of the egg determines the direction of shell coiling regardless of the genotype of the offspring.Apparently,the cause of this spectacular maternal effect results from .

Accepted Answer

A)  orientation of the spindle apparatus in early cleavage
B)  genophores present in the egg cytoplasm
C)  colicins "poisoning" one of the cleavage centers
D)  allelic substitution as demonstrated from RNA injection experiments
E)  the F factor exerting its influence on the centrosome

Question 17

Describe the molecular and transmission characteristics of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy LHON .

Accepted Answer

A)  maternal inheritance,which includes mtDNA lesions
B)  cytoplasmic inheritance,which includes cpDNA lesions
C)  X- linked recessive
D)  cytoplasmic inheritance,which includes mtDNA lesions
E)  dominant maternal inheritance

Question 18

The endosymbiont theory is support by several lines of evidence one of which is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria,chloroplast,and bacteria all have circular chromosomes
B)  the chloroplast genome resembles the genome of the mitochondria
C)  both mitochondria and chloroplasts generate ATP
D)  both mitochondria and peroxisomes have circular chromosomes
E)  both bacteria and lysosomes have degradative enzymes

Question 19

Forms of inheritance that do not follow typical Mendelian patterns and that appear to be more influenced by the parent contributing the most cytoplasm to the embryo are grouped under the general heading of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  suppressive inheritance
B)  dominance and/or recessiveness
C)  neo- Mendelian inheritance
D)  extrachromosomal inheritance
E)  sex- linked inheritance

Question 20

Direction of shell coiling in the snail Lymnaea peregra is conditioned by a form of extrachromosomal inheritance known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sex- linked inheritance
B)  maternal effect
C)  epistasis
D)  heteroplasmy
E)  independent assortment

Exam 9: Extranuclear Inheritance