Question 1

You are about to leave on vacation and your brother is driving you to the airport. Unfortunately, you get to the airport too late and you find out that your flight has already left. Under which of the following conditions are you most likely to feel aggressive toward your brother and want to scream at him?

Accepted Answer

A)  You missed your flight by two minutes. 
B)  You missed your flight by an hour. 
C)  Your flight has been delayed. 
D)  Your brother forgot to put your luggage in the car.

Question 2

According to the frustration-aggression theory, frustration-the perception that we are being prevented from reaching a goal-does not always lead to aggression. What factors increase the odds that frustrated people will aggress?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the frustration-aggression theory, frustration-the perception...

Question 3

Research demonstrates that, when shown a model who responds to provocation in a restrained, pleasant manner, children

Accepted Answer

A)  perceive the model as weak. 
B)  focus on the provocateur and ignore the model. 
C)  make fun of the model. 
D)  are less likely to respond with aggression when they themselves are provoked.

Question 4

Males tend to be more violent in their teens and twenties than later in life. Based on evolutionary theory (as discussed by the authors of your text), why would this be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are having trouble finding their place in the world. 
B)  These are peak reproductive years. 
C)  They are starting puberty. 
D)  This is when antisocial personality disorder manifests.

Question 5

Teresa watches a lot of TV every day. Based on research presented in your text, how is Teresa most likely to view the world?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a safe place. 
B)  She probably lives in a fantasy world. 
C)  She views the world accurately. 
D)  She probably is overly fearful of being attacked.

Question 6

Researchers (Ohbuchi, Ohno, & Mukai, 1993) found that participants were less likely to administer shocks to another person when that person had previously disclosed something personal about him- or herself. According to the authors of your textbook, why is that?

Accepted Answer

A)  Similarity leads to attraction, not aggression. 
B)  Personal information can make it easier to empathize with another. 
C)  When we are anonymous, we are more likely to aggress. 
D)  Self-disclosure serves as a way to model prosocial behavior.

Question 7

The phenomenon of "road rage" has been given increasing attention by print and electronic media. Briefly, road rage involves retaliations against other drivers (e.g., shooting, running them off the road) that far exceed their offenses (e.g., driving too slowly, tailgating). You're designing next year's model cars, and have just read Chapter 12 (Aggression). What new design feature might you suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  a second horn that makes a funny "I'm sorry" noise 
B)  a louder, more powerful stereo system to distract drivers from their frustration 
C)  a second horn that makes a louder, more threatening sound that communicates, "I'm really angry now!" 
D)  bulletproof glass on all new model cars

Question 8

Researchers conducted an experiment in which male participants were angered by a confederate. Angry participants then either recorded the confederate's errors or shocked him every time he made an error. Finally, all participants were given the opportunity to shock the confederate. These researchers found that contrary to ________, those participants who ________ later delivered stronger and more frequent shocks to the confederate.

Accepted Answer

A)  frustration-aggression theory predictions; were not angered 
B)  the catharsis hypothesis; had previously delivered shocks 
C)  cognitive dissonance predictions; had not previously delivered shocks 
D)  the catharsis hypothesis; had previously recorded errors

Question 9

Gary, a northern male who has a reputation for violence, has been drinking with his friends. Stan approaches Gary and insults his girlfriend. Gary and Stan get into a fistfight. Which of the following best explains why Gary and Stan began to fight? Research suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  northern males are more prone to react to insults with aggression. 
B)  alcohol is especially likely to interact with testosterone to increase aggression. 
C)  alcohol lowers our social inhibitions and allows us to act impulsively. 
D)  people from different parts of the country hold different expectations about the effects of alcohol.

Question 10

Are school shootings such as the Columbine massacre simply the result of deranged individuals acting independently? What does social psychology suggest about why school shootings occur and about how the problem might be addressed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Are school shootings such as the Columbine...

Question 11

Researchers studied crime statistics both before and after the Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976. These researchers found that the return to capital punishment

Accepted Answer

A)  had no effect on single homicides, but reduced multiple homicides. 
B)  had no effect on homicides. 
C)  was actually accompanied by a rise in homicide rates. 
D)  reduced homicides resulting from instrumental aggression, but had no effect on homicides resulting from hostile aggression.

Question 12

A teacher at a preschool tries to show some rowdy children how to "play nice." She shows them a doll hitting her, and her hugging the doll in response. The teacher's behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  modeling nonaggressive behavior. 
B)  training good communication skills. 
C)  teaching the children how to solve problems more effectively. 
D)  building empathy in the children.

Question 13

According to information from your text, it would be easiest to "turn the other cheek" and not reciprocate aggression if you

Accepted Answer

A)  took the insult personally. 
B)  know it was not intentional. 
C)  know the other person purposely hurt you. 
D)  find out mitigating circumstances after being insulted.

Question 14

Researchers (Archer & McDaniel, 1995) asked teenagers from the United States and ten other countries to read stories about an interpersonal conflict situation, and to predict the outcome. The data demonstrated that ________ were more likely than others to anticipate a violent outcome that was described by the researchers as "lethal, gun-laden, and merciless."

Accepted Answer

A)  American participants 
B)  frustrated participants 
C)  participants who had just watched a violent film 
D)  participants from third-world countries

Question 15

According to Nisbett (1993), a(n) ________ is characteristic of regions where inhabitants evolved from herding societies, and thus ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  culture of honor; aggression is relatively rare 
B)  culture of honor; some forms of aggression are more common 
C)  norm of "machismo"; aggression is more common and more lethal 
D)  ethos of cooperation; aggression has become evolutionarily maladaptive

Question 16

According to social-psychological research , what are the "ideal conditions" for punishment to be an effective deterrent to violence? Punishment must be

Accepted Answer

A)  swift and severe. 
B)  swift and certain. 
C)  severe and certain. 
D)  fair and certain.

Question 17

________ theory posits that we learn to aggress by observing and imitating others.

Accepted Answer

A)  Frustration-aggression 
B)  Direct reinforcement 
C)  Social learning 
D)  Aggression spillover

Question 18

According to evolutionary psychologists, aggression may be (or may have been) adaptive in humans. Explain how aggression could help a male pass on his genes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to evolutionary psychologists, aggression may be...

Question 19

Research on the effects of aggressive stimuli shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  the mere presence of guns is enough to trigger aggressive behavior. 
B)  the presence of guns increases the probability of aggressive behavior in the presence of a frustration or provocation. 
C)  people only aggress in the presence of an aggressive stimulus. 
D)  aggressive behavior triggers an aversion to aggressive stimuli.

Question 20

How would a cognitive dissonance theorist counter the Freudian argument that catharsis-blowing off steam to relieve the buildup of destructive aggressive impulses-will reduce aggression? Use an example of yelling or using sarcasm to vent our anger at someone who has angered us.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would a cognitive dissonance theorist counter...

Exam 12: Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

According to the frustration-aggression theory, frustration-the perception that we are being prevented from reaching a goal-does not always lead to aggression. What factors increase the odds that frustrated people will aggress?

Research demonstrates that, when shown a model who responds to provocation in a restrained, pleasant manner, children

Males tend to be more violent in their teens and twenties than later in life. Based on evolutionary theory (as discussed by the authors of your text) , why would this be true?

Teresa watches a lot of TV every day. Based on research presented in your text, how is Teresa most likely to view the world?

Researchers (Ohbuchi, Ohno, & Mukai, 1993) found that participants were less likely to administer shocks to another person when that person had previously disclosed something personal about him- or herself. According to the authors of your textbook, why is that?

Gary, a northern male who has a reputation for violence, has been drinking with his friends. Stan approaches Gary and insults his girlfriend. Gary and Stan get into a fistfight. Which of the following best explains why Gary and Stan began to fight? Research suggests that

Are school shootings such as the Columbine massacre simply the result of deranged individuals acting independently? What does social psychology suggest about why school shootings occur and about how the problem might be addressed?

Researchers studied crime statistics both before and after the Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976. These researchers found that the return to capital punishment

A teacher at a preschool tries to show some rowdy children how to "play nice." She shows them a doll hitting her, and her hugging the doll in response. The teacher's behavior is an example of

According to information from your text, it would be easiest to "turn the other cheek" and not reciprocate aggression if you

According to Nisbett (1993) , a(n) is characteristic of regions where inhabitants evolved from herding societies, and thus .

According to social-psychological research , what are the "ideal conditions" for punishment to be an effective deterrent to violence? Punishment must be

________ theory posits that we learn to aggress by observing and imitating others.

According to evolutionary psychologists, aggression may be (or may have been) adaptive in humans. Explain how aggression could help a male pass on his genes.

Research on the effects of aggressive stimuli shows that

How would a cognitive dissonance theorist counter the Freudian argument that catharsis-blowing off steam to relieve the buildup of destructive aggressive impulses-will reduce aggression? Use an example of yelling or using sarcasm to vent our anger at someone who has angered us.

Exam 12: Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

According to the frustration-aggression theory, frustration-the perception that we are being prevented from reaching a goal-does not always lead to aggression. What factors increase the odds that frustrated people will aggress?

Research demonstrates that, when shown a model who responds to provocation in a restrained, pleasant manner, children

Males tend to be more violent in their teens and twenties than later in life. Based on evolutionary theory (as discussed by the authors of your text) , why would this be true?

Teresa watches a lot of TV every day. Based on research presented in your text, how is Teresa most likely to view the world?

Researchers (Ohbuchi, Ohno, & Mukai, 1993) found that participants were less likely to administer shocks to another person when that person had previously disclosed something personal about him- or herself. According to the authors of your textbook, why is that?

Gary, a northern male who has a reputation for violence, has been drinking with his friends. Stan approaches Gary and insults his girlfriend. Gary and Stan get into a fistfight. Which of the following best explains why Gary and Stan began to fight? Research suggests that

Are school shootings such as the Columbine massacre simply the result of deranged individuals acting independently? What does social psychology suggest about why school shootings occur and about how the problem might be addressed?

Researchers studied crime statistics both before and after the Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty in 1976. These researchers found that the return to capital punishment

A teacher at a preschool tries to show some rowdy children how to "play nice." She shows them a doll hitting her, and her hugging the doll in response. The teacher's behavior is an example of

According to information from your text, it would be easiest to "turn the other cheek" and not reciprocate aggression if you

According to Nisbett (1993) , a(n) ________ is characteristic of regions where inhabitants evolved from herding societies, and thus ________.

According to social-psychological research , what are the "ideal conditions" for punishment to be an effective deterrent to violence? Punishment must be

________ theory posits that we learn to aggress by observing and imitating others.

According to evolutionary psychologists, aggression may be (or may have been) adaptive in humans. Explain how aggression could help a male pass on his genes.

Research on the effects of aggressive stimuli shows that

How would a cognitive dissonance theorist counter the Freudian argument that catharsis-blowing off steam to relieve the buildup of destructive aggressive impulses-will reduce aggression? Use an example of yelling or using sarcasm to vent our anger at someone who has angered us.

According to Nisbett (1993) , a(n) is characteristic of regions where inhabitants evolved from herding societies, and thus .