Question 1

People should avoid back-to-back study times for learning Spanish and French vocabulary in order to minimize

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-reference effect. 
B)  long-term potentiation. 
C)  mood-congruent memory. 
D)  interference.

Question 2

The finding that people who sleep after learning a list of nonsense syllables forget less than people who stay awake provides evidence that forgetting may involve

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding failure. 
B)  repression. 
C)  implicit memory loss. 
D)  interference.

Question 3

After reading a newspaper report suggesting that drunken driving might have contributed to a recent auto accident, several people who actually witnessed the accident began to remember the driver involved as traveling more recklessly than was actually the case. This provides an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference. 
B)  state-dependent memory. 
C)  automatic processing. 
D)  the misinformation effect.

Question 4

Sigmund Freud emphasized that the forgetting of painful experiences is caused by a process that involves

Accepted Answer

A)  retroactive interference. 
B)  memory decay. 
C)  retrieval failure. 
D)  source amnesia.

Question 5

Amnesia patients typically experience disruption of

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit memories. 
B)  explicit memories. 
C)  iconic memories. 
D)  echoic memories.

Question 6

Which of the following was not recommended as a strategy for improving memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  active rehearsal 
B)  distributed study 
C)  speed reading 
D)  encoding meaningful associations

Question 7

Jenkins and Dallenbach found that memory was better in people who were

Accepted Answer

A)  awake during the retention interval, presumably because decay was reduced. 
B)  asleep during the retention interval, presumably because decay was reduced. 
C)  awake during the retention interval, presumably because interference was reduced. 
D)  asleep during the retention interval, presumably because interference was reduced.

Question 8

In the study led by Elizabeth Loftus, two groups of observers were asked how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident. Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word "smashed" in relation to the accident later recalled

Accepted Answer

A)  broken glass at the scene of the accident. 
B)  that the drivers of the vehicles were intoxicated. 
C)  that the drivers of the vehicles were males. 
D)  the details of the accident with vivid accuracy.

Question 9

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of previously learned information is called

Accepted Answer

A)  repression. 
B)  source amnesia. 
C)  retroactive interference. 
D)  anterograde amnesia.

Question 10

An inability to retrieve information learned in the past is called

Accepted Answer

A)  shallow processing. 
B)  anterograde amnesia. 
C)  proactive interference. 
D)  retrograde amnesia.

Question 11

Research on memory construction indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  recent events are more vulnerable to memory distortion than events from our more distant past. 
B)  false memories of imagined events are often recalled as something that really happened. 
C)  hypnotic suggestion is a particularly effective technique for accurate memory retrieval. 
D)  it is very difficult to lead people to construct memories of events that never happened.

Question 12

Incest survivors who lack conscious memories of their sexual abuse may be told they are repressing the memory. This explanation for their lack of abuse memories emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit memory. 
B)  encoding failure. 
C)  the spacing effect. 
D)  retrieval failure.

Question 13

After Teresa was verbally threatened by someone in a passing car, she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car. Several hours later, Teresa mistakenly recalled that the driver was a male rather than a female. Teresa's experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit memory. 
B)  proactive interference. 
C)  the misinformation effect. 
D)  the serial position effect.

Question 14

While taking the final exam in American history, Marie was surprised and frustrated by her momentary inability to remember the name of the current president of the United States. Her difficulty most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit memory. 
B)  the serial position effect. 
C)  the misinformation effect. 
D)  retrieval failure.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the typical forgetting curve?

Accepted Answer

A)  a steady, slow decline in retention over time 
B)  a steady, rapid decline in retention over time 
C)  a rapid initial decline in retention becoming stable thereafter 
D)  a slow initial decline in retention becoming rapid thereafter

Question 16

Amnesia victims typically have experienced damage to the ________ of the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal lobes 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  thalamus 
D)  hippocampus

Question 17

Although Ron typically smokes two packs of cigarettes a day, he recalls smoking little more than a pack a day. This poor memory best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the misinformation effect. 
B)  motivated forgetting. 
C)  the self-reference effect. 
D)  the serial position effect.

Question 18

Compulsive gamblers frequently recall losing less money than is actually the case. Their memory failure best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  source amnesia. 
B)  the serial position effect. 
C)  motivated forgetting. 
D)  the spacing effect.

Question 19

Researchers observed that people exposed to very convincing arguments about the value of frequent toothbrushing tended to

Accepted Answer

A)  quickly forget the arguments if they were in the habit of brushing frequently. 
B)  quickly forget the arguments if they were not in the habit of brushing frequently. 
C)  exaggerate how frequently they had brushed their teeth in the past. 
D)  exaggerate how infrequently they had brushed their teeth in the past.

Question 20

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the spacing effect. 
B)  proactive interference. 
C)  source amnesia. 
D)  retroactive interference.

Exam 26: Forgetting, Memory Construction