Question 1

Correlational studies are not well-suited for answering ______ research questions.

Accepted Answer

A)   causal
B)   descriptive
C)   predictive
D)   outcome A

Question 2

A researcher would like to study the effects of smoking on respiratory functioning. There are two groups: participants who smoke one pack a day and participants who smoke two. This is a ______ study

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational
B)   quasi-experimental
C)   independent variables
D)   true experimental B

Question 3

A research question that asks if one behavior can be predicted from another behavior to allow predictions of future behavior is a ______ research question.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive
B)   negative
C)   descriptive
D)   predictive D

Question 4

A causal relationship can be tested using ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational research
B)   experimental research
C)   diagnostic research
D)   analytical research

Question 5

In ______ studies, researchers examine two or more measures to determine if those measures are related.

Accepted Answer

A)   correlational
B)   descriptive
C)   predictive
D)   analytical

Question 6

Groups of subjects are not compared in a correlational study as they are in ______ experiments.

Accepted Answer

A)   quasi
B)   analytical
C)   descriptive
D)   predictive

Question 7

In correlational research multiple measures are collected from ______ group(s) of subjects to determine if those measures co-vary.

Accepted Answer

A)   one
B)   two
C)   three
D)   four

Question 8

The ______ analyses allow predictions.

Accepted Answer

A)   regressions
B)   t tests
C)   ANOVAs
D)   ANCOVAs

Question 9

The strong ______ correlations between age and incidence of Alzheimer's disease found in many studies seem to indicate a 50% likelihood of getting Alzheimer's disease by age 85.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive
B)   negative
C)   causal
D)   predictive

Question 10

Researchers typically must rely on correlational studies to learn about factors that influence one's ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavior
B)   health
C)   weather
D)   animals

Question 11

In a correlational study, the variable that is predicted by the predictor variable is called the ______ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   outcome
B)   dependent
C)   confounding
D)   third

Question 12

Pearson r test is used to determine whether a linear relationship exists between two variables measured on an ordinal scale.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of ______ relationships.

Accepted Answer

A)   normative
B)   equal
C)   causal
D)   descriptive

Question 14

If two factors simply co-occur, this indicates a causal relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Suppose that a researcher found that as introversion (as measured on a standardized questionnaire) of participants goes up, the number of social activities attended per week goes down. This finding represents ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   a positive relationship
B)   a negative relationship
C)   no relationship
D)   a flawed study

Question 16

Most survey research involves a correlational study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with a decrease in the other variable is called a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   positive relationship
B)   negative relationship
C)   causal relationship
D)   predictive relationship

Question 18

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of causal relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Explain what a third-variable problem is and give an example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what a third-variable problem is and...

Question 20

The direction of the cause and effect relationship cannot be determined from a correlational study because none of the variables are manipulated in the study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 11: More About Correlational Studies

Correlational studies are not well-suited for answering ______ research questions.

A researcher would like to study the effects of smoking on respiratory functioning. There are two groups: participants who smoke one pack a day and participants who smoke two. This is a ______ study

A research question that asks if one behavior can be predicted from another behavior to allow predictions of future behavior is a ______ research question.

A causal relationship can be tested using ______.

In ______ studies, researchers examine two or more measures to determine if those measures are related.

Groups of subjects are not compared in a correlational study as they are in ______ experiments.

In correlational research multiple measures are collected from ______ group(s) of subjects to determine if those measures co-vary.

The ______ analyses allow predictions.

The strong ______ correlations between age and incidence of Alzheimer's disease found in many studies seem to indicate a 50% likelihood of getting Alzheimer's disease by age 85.

Researchers typically must rely on correlational studies to learn about factors that influence one's ______.

In a correlational study, the variable that is predicted by the predictor variable is called the ______ variable.

Pearson r test is used to determine whether a linear relationship exists between two variables measured on an ordinal scale.

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of ______ relationships.

If two factors simply co-occur, this indicates a causal relationship.

Suppose that a researcher found that as introversion (as measured on a standardized questionnaire) of participants goes up, the number of social activities attended per week goes down. This finding represents ______.

Most survey research involves a correlational study.

A relationship between variables characterized by an increase in one variable that occurs with a decrease in the other variable is called a ______.

Correlational studies provide information that allows researchers to determine which variables should be considered when they design tests of causal relationships.

Explain what a third-variable problem is and give an example.

The direction of the cause and effect relationship cannot be determined from a correlational study because none of the variables are manipulated in the study.