Question 1

A graph showing the relationship between two dependent variables for a group of individuals is called a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent graph
B)   relational graph
C)   scatterplot graph
D)   plot-scatter graph C

Question 2

To increase the internal validity of a study, a researcher controls for extraneous factors that can affect the observations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Explain why use of the systematic observation technique is likely to increase the internal validity of a study.

Accepted Answer

Answers vary
Systematic observations are controlled measures of behavior that allow a researcher to rule out some of the possible outside influences (i.e., confounding variables) that could affect behavior measurement in a study. Use of systematic observation in an experiment would further increase the internal validity of a study with the use of a manipulated variable that further controls for confounding variables.

Question 4

Making sure observers are categorizing behaviors the same way increases ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   external validity
B)   internal validity
C)   subjective validity
D)   reliability

Question 5

If a predictive relationship is examined, the variable that is used to make the prediction is called the outcome variable, and the variable that is being predicted is called the predictor variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Archival Analysis is a data collection technique that involves analysis of preexisting data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is the difference between an experiment and a quasi-experiment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between an experiment...

Question 8

Asking individuals to rate how often each of 20 items related to depression symptoms occurs in their daily lives is an example of ______ observation technique.

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic
B)   survey
C)   systematic
D)   archival

Question 9

Due to their exploratory nature, case studies never focus on rare or unusual cases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The presence of extraneous factors in a study that affect the dependent variable and can decrease the internal validity of the study is the ______ variable problem.

Accepted Answer

A)   predicator
B)   outcome
C)   third
D)   negative

Question 11

Participants who want to portray themselves more positively to the researcher and intentionally respond in a way that achieves that goal biases the results of a survey and is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   peer pressure
B)   social appeal
C)   social pressure
D)   social desirability

Question 12

The research design that allows researchers to compare groups of individuals on a measured variable based on characteristics of the individuals is a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   experiment
B)   quasi-experiment
C)   case study
D)   correlational study

Question 13

Observing behaviors as they occur in an individual's natural environment uses the ______ observation technique.

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic
B)   survey
C)   systematic
D)   archival

Question 14

Looking up records of behaviors that have already occurred uses the ______ observation technique.

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic
B)   survey
C)   systematic
D)   archival

Question 15

Ruling out alternative explanations for results increases the ______ validity.

Accepted Answer

A)   subjective
B)   objective
C)   external
D)   internal

Question 16

An operational definition is a definition of a concrete concept that makes it abstract for the purpose of the research study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Analyzing the data from a closed-ended response scale would also require the development of a coding scheme because the responses are qualitative rather than quantitative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Some of the observation techniques and research designs that psychologists use tend to allow for higher external validity than others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The Beck Depression Inventory II and Beck Anxiety Inventory are two commonly used surveys in psychological research on mood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Of the following, ______ is a not a good operational definition for "hunger."

Accepted Answer

A)   number of times someone's stomach makes an audible rumble in 2 hours
B)   general feeling of emptiness in one's stomach
C)   number of minutes since someone last ate any food
D)   blood sugar levels

Exam 4: How Psychologists Use the Scientific Method: Data Collection Techniques and Research Designs

A graph showing the relationship between two dependent variables for a group of individuals is called a ______.

To increase the internal validity of a study, a researcher controls for extraneous factors that can affect the observations.

Explain why use of the systematic observation technique is likely to increase the internal validity of a study.

Making sure observers are categorizing behaviors the same way increases ______.

If a predictive relationship is examined, the variable that is used to make the prediction is called the outcome variable, and the variable that is being predicted is called the predictor variable.

Archival Analysis is a data collection technique that involves analysis of preexisting data.

What is the difference between an experiment and a quasi-experiment?

Asking individuals to rate how often each of 20 items related to depression symptoms occurs in their daily lives is an example of ______ observation technique.

Due to their exploratory nature, case studies never focus on rare or unusual cases.

The presence of extraneous factors in a study that affect the dependent variable and can decrease the internal validity of the study is the ______ variable problem.

Participants who want to portray themselves more positively to the researcher and intentionally respond in a way that achieves that goal biases the results of a survey and is called ______.

The research design that allows researchers to compare groups of individuals on a measured variable based on characteristics of the individuals is a(n) ______.

Observing behaviors as they occur in an individual's natural environment uses the ______ observation technique.

Looking up records of behaviors that have already occurred uses the ______ observation technique.

Ruling out alternative explanations for results increases the ______ validity.

An operational definition is a definition of a concrete concept that makes it abstract for the purpose of the research study.

Analyzing the data from a closed-ended response scale would also require the development of a coding scheme because the responses are qualitative rather than quantitative.

Some of the observation techniques and research designs that psychologists use tend to allow for higher external validity than others.

The Beck Depression Inventory II and Beck Anxiety Inventory are two commonly used surveys in psychological research on mood.

Of the following, ______ is a not a good operational definition for "hunger."