Question 1

Which of these factors influence(s)attitude change?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of arguments
B)  citations of consensus
C)  the framing of attributes
D)  all of these D

Question 2

Strong attitudes are more likely to ______,

Accepted Answer

A)  follow behavior
B)  be stable over time
C)  be ambivalent
D)  all of these B

Question 3

Tillman Betsch is associated with the ______,

Accepted Answer

A)  value-account model
B)  implicit subtraction model
C)  implicit addition model
D)  subliminal priming model A

Question 4

According to See,Petty,and Fabrigar (2008,2013),our interest in reading affect-based vs cognition-based appeals is ______,

Accepted Answer

A)  related to differences in the extent to which our own attitudes are derived from affect vs cognition
B)  determined solely by whether the message context primes motives to form affect-based attitudes or cognition-based attitudes
C)  related to the strength of our attitudes
D)  related to our perceptions of the extent to which our own attitudes are based primarily on affect vs cognition

Question 5

Snyder and DeBono (1985)found evidence of matching based on which property of attitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude function
B)  attitude content
C)  attitude structure
D)  attitude ambivalence

Question 6

DeSteno, Petty, Rucker, Wegener, and Braverman (2004) found that participants who were sad were most persuaded by an appeal related to ______,

Accepted Answer

A)   sadness
B)   anger
C)   sadness, but only if they were high in need for cognition
D)   sadness, but only if they were high in need for affect

Question 7

The results of Tormala and Mayer's (2010)research suggests that ______,

Accepted Answer

A)  high self-monitors are more likely to be persuaded by affect-based appeals
B)  women are more likely to be persuaded by affect-based appeals
C)  men are more to be persuaded by affect-based appeals
D)  gender is irrelevant to the success of affect-based appeals

Question 8

The amplification hypothesis states that ______,

Accepted Answer

A)  as an attitude becomes stronger,its effects on behavior becomes stronger
B)  as an attitude increases in certainty,it can become more open to change or more resistant to change,depending upon characteristics of the attitude
C)  attitudes can amplify their consequences when they are derived from affective and cognitive information
D)  none of these

Question 9

Vermigweren,Karremans,Bernritter,Stroebe,and Wigboldus (2013)found that ______,

Accepted Answer

A)  habits moderate the effect of primes on behavior
B)  priming a brand increases participants' trust about the product
C)  forewarning individuals about the presence of subliminal advertisements minimized their effects on attitudes and behavior
D)  priming a brand name influences deliberative behavior,but not spontaneous behavior

Question 10

Self-affirmation seems to encourage ______,

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristic processing of threatening information
B)  stereotype threat
C)  systematic processing of threatening information
D)  greater defensiveness

Question 11

Research on matching effects suggest that these are due to ______,

Accepted Answer

A)  more peripheral processing of matched messages
B)  low self-monitors possessing strong attitudes
C)  enhanced scrutiny of matched messages
D)  none of these

Question 12

Subliminal cues ______,

Accepted Answer

A)  can affect attitudes,but not behavior
B)  can affect behavior,but not attitudes
C)  affect neither attitudes nor behavior
D)  can affect both attitudes and behavior

Question 13

Which of the following best summarizes the effects of numerical ability on judgements from data (Kahan,Peters,Dawson,Slovic,2017)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Greater numerical ability leads message recipients to more accurate conclusions from data on non-partisan issues,
B)  Lower numerical ability leads message recipients to more accurate conclusions from data on non-partisan issues,
C)  Greater numerical ability leads message recipients to more accurate conclusions from data on non-partisan and politically charged issues,
D)  Lower numerical ability leads message recipients to more accurate conclusions from data on politically charged issues

Question 14

Edwards (1990)found evidence that ______,

Accepted Answer

A)  high self-monitors were more persuaded by an image-based appeal
B)  low self-monitors were more persuaded by an appeal based on product quality
C)  an affect-based appeal was more persuasive among individuals who had formed an affect-based attitude
D)  individuals from Western cultures prefer appeals highlighting individuality

Exam 8: Basic Principles in How Attitudes Are Shaped

Which of these factors influence(s) attitude change?

Strong attitudes are more likely to ______,

Tillman Betsch is associated with the ______,

According to See,Petty,and Fabrigar (2008,2013) ,our interest in reading affect-based vs cognition-based appeals is ______,

Snyder and DeBono (1985) found evidence of matching based on which property of attitude?

DeSteno, Petty, Rucker, Wegener, and Braverman (2004) found that participants who were sad were most persuaded by an appeal related to ______,

The results of Tormala and Mayer's (2010) research suggests that ______,

The amplification hypothesis states that ______,

Vermigweren,Karremans,Bernritter,Stroebe,and Wigboldus (2013) found that ______,

Self-affirmation seems to encourage ______,

Research on matching effects suggest that these are due to ______,

Subliminal cues ______,

Which of the following best summarizes the effects of numerical ability on judgements from data (Kahan,Peters,Dawson,Slovic,2017) ?

Edwards (1990) found evidence that ______,