Question 1

In order to teach an animal to salivate when only a certain tone is played, you must

Accepted Answer

A)  sound the tone and present the food when the dog salivates correctly. 
B)  present food before every tone, but let the animal eat it only when it's the right tone. 
C)  only pair food with the one tone you want the animal to salivate to. 
D)  pair the food with all the tones, but add noxious substances to it when ringing the wrong tone.

Question 2

Over the course of 38 therapy sessions, Watson and Mary Cover Jones used all of the following strategies to remove Peter's fear of the white rabbit, except

Accepted Answer

A)  gradually bringing a white rabbit closer and closer to him until he eventually grew fond of it. 
B)  having him watch his friends play with a white rabbit. 
C)  showing him first pictures of white rabbits, then toy white rabbits, and introducing a real white rabbit. 
D)  having him eat candy in his high chair during the therapy sessions.

Question 3

Learning to perform a behaviour because it terminates an aversive event is called ________ learning, and it reflects the power of ________ reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative; positive 
B)  operant; classical 
C)  escape; negative 
D)  avoidance; punitive

Question 4

An effective method of applying punishment is for one parent to punish a behaviour and another parent ignore the same behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A secondary reinforcer is acquired or learned.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Describe the processes that are comparable in classical and operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the processes that are comparable in...

Question 7

Ideally, punishment should be the minimum necessary to suppress the problem behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which reinforcement schedule produces high, stable rates of responding?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval 
B)  variable ratio 
C)  variable interval 
D)  fixed ratio

Question 9

Morgana was once frightened by big, barking dogs-she now cries when she sees a dog. After this has occurred many times, Morgana now also cries at the sight of a dog leash or collar. In this example, the conditioned response is

Accepted Answer

A)  the sound of barking. 
B)  crying at hearing a dog. 
C)  crying at seeing a dog leash or collar. 
D)  the dog.

Question 10

Classical conditioning is least likely to occur if the conditioned stimulus

Accepted Answer

A)  is simultaneous with the unconditioned stimulus. 
B)  follows the unconditioned stimulus by one second. 
C)  precedes the unconditioned stimulus by one-half second. 
D)  precedes the unconditioned stimulus by one second.

Question 11

Which of the following is not an example of a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  food 
B)  money 
C)  sexual pleasure 
D)  water

Question 12

John Watson conditioned little Albert to exhibit fear of a white rat and then extinguished this fear.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which researcher is associated with the subject of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Albert Bandura 
B)  Edward Tolman 
C)  Wolfgang Kohler 
D)  Edward Thorndike

Question 14

Jane misbehaves around her parents, who do not discipline her, but does not misbehave in the presence of her grandparents, who reward her only when she behaves appropriately. The difference in her behaviour can best be explained on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking. 
B)  generalization. 
C)  discrimination. 
D)  spontaneous recovery.

Question 15

In his investigation of classical conditioning, Ivan Pavlov found that dogs

Accepted Answer

A)  refused to eat food that they had seen make other dogs sick. 
B)  who had been conditioned could no longer digest food normally. 
C)  would not eat food within reach until given the appropriate signal. 
D)  began to salivate at the sight or sound of laboratory assistants bringing food, as well as from the taste of the food.

Question 16

Alex's grandmother always gave him candy when he saw her. Over time, he became excited and happy whenever he saw her. Years later, he experiences the same feeling when he smells her perfume in a store. This kind of conditioning is called

Accepted Answer

A)  higher-order conditioning. 
B)  avoidance learning. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  aversive conditioning.

Question 17

For years, Sylvester the cat has been fed canned tuna that has been opened with an electric can opener. Now Sylvester races into the kitchen every time he hears the can opener. What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tuna 
B)  Sylvester's owner 
C)  the sound of the can opener 
D)  running to the kitchen

Question 18

Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. The special napkins in this situation are the

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned stimulus.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a response initially learned through classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  a phobia 
B)  a fear of a dentist's drill 
C)  hunger 
D)  excitement at finding money

Question 20

For better performance, reinforcement should be

Accepted Answer

A)  delayed rather than immediate. 
B)  positive rather than negative. 
C)  immediate rather than delayed. 
D)  smaller rather than larger.

Exam 5: Learning

In order to teach an animal to salivate when only a certain tone is played, you must

Over the course of 38 therapy sessions, Watson and Mary Cover Jones used all of the following strategies to remove Peter's fear of the white rabbit, except

Learning to perform a behaviour because it terminates an aversive event is called learning, and it reflects the power of reinforcement.

An effective method of applying punishment is for one parent to punish a behaviour and another parent ignore the same behaviour.

A secondary reinforcer is acquired or learned.

Describe the processes that are comparable in classical and operant conditioning.

Ideally, punishment should be the minimum necessary to suppress the problem behaviour.

Which reinforcement schedule produces high, stable rates of responding?

Morgana was once frightened by big, barking dogs-she now cries when she sees a dog. After this has occurred many times, Morgana now also cries at the sight of a dog leash or collar. In this example, the conditioned response is

Classical conditioning is least likely to occur if the conditioned stimulus

Which of the following is not an example of a primary reinforcer?

John Watson conditioned little Albert to exhibit fear of a white rat and then extinguished this fear.

Which researcher is associated with the subject of observational learning?

Jane misbehaves around her parents, who do not discipline her, but does not misbehave in the presence of her grandparents, who reward her only when she behaves appropriately. The difference in her behaviour can best be explained on the basis of

In his investigation of classical conditioning, Ivan Pavlov found that dogs

Alex's grandmother always gave him candy when he saw her. Over time, he became excited and happy whenever he saw her. Years later, he experiences the same feeling when he smells her perfume in a store. This kind of conditioning is called

For years, Sylvester the cat has been fed canned tuna that has been opened with an electric can opener. Now Sylvester races into the kitchen every time he hears the can opener. What is the conditioned stimulus in this example?

Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. The special napkins in this situation are the

Which of the following is not a response initially learned through classical conditioning?

For better performance, reinforcement should be