Question 1

Which symptom would the nurse expect in a patient diagnosed with hyperaldosteronism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypovolemia
B)   Hypotension
C)   Hypokalemia
D)   Hyponatremia C

Question 2

Which assessment result would the nurse expect to find associated with a patient diagnosed with Graves disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   High levels of circulating thyroid-stimulating autoantibodies
B)   Ectopic secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) 
C)   Low circulating levels of thyroid hormones
D)   Increased circulation of iodine A

Question 3

What is the most common cause of Addison disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   An autoimmune reaction
B)   Dietary deficiency of sodium and potassium
C)   Cancer
D)   Viral infection of the pituitary gland A

Question 4

A nurse is assessing a patient with hypoparathyroidism.Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism include: (select all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A)   tetany.
B)   Chvostek sign.
C)   Trousseau sign.
D)   oily skin.
E)   hair loss.

Question 5

A nurse checks lab results as both Cushing disease and Addison disease can manifest with elevated levels of:

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH.
B)   estrogen.
C)   adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) .
D)   aldosterone.

Question 6

A 30-year-old diagnosed with Graves disease is admitted to a hospital unit for the surgical removal of the thyroid gland.During the postoperative period, the nurse notes that the patient's serum calcium is low.The nurse should observe the patient for which of the following signs/symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)   Muscle weakness and constipation
B)   Laryngeal spasms and hyperreflexia
C)   Abdominal pain and fever
D)   Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting

Question 7

A patient presents with breast discharge, dysmenorrhea, and excessive excitability.Tests reveal that all pituitary hormones are elevated.What does the nurse suspect as the most likely cause for these assessment findings?

Accepted Answer

A)   A pituitary adenoma
B)   Hypothalamic hyposecretion
C)   Hypothalamic inflammation
D)   Pheochromocytoma

Question 8

A patient diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma would be expected to have T3 and T4 levels that are:

Accepted Answer

A)   high.
B)   low.
C)   normal.
D)   variable.

Question 9

What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pituitary hyposecretion
B)   Parathyroid adenoma
C)   Parathyroid gland injury
D)   Hypothalamic inactivity

Question 10

A patient presents reporting visual disturbances.When CT reveals a pituitary tumor and lab tests reveal elevated prolactin, the diagnosis of prolactinoma is made.Which intervention is the treatment of choice for this condition?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dopaminergic agonists
B)   Calcium
C)   Insulin
D)   Radiation

Question 11

Which physical feature supports the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)   Weight loss and muscle wasting
B)   Truncal obesity and moon face
C)   Pallor and swollen tongue
D)   Depigmented skin and eyelid lag

Question 12

An 11-year-old is newly diagnosed with type 1 DM.Which classic symptoms should the nurse assess the patient for?

Accepted Answer

A)   Recurrent infections, visual changes, fatigue, and paresthesia
B)   Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and weight loss
C)   Vomiting, abdominal pain, sweet, fruity breath, dehydration, and Kussmaul breathing
D)   Weakness, vomiting, hypotension, and mental confusion

Question 13

Which hypothyroid diagnosis is supported by low levels of TSH?

Accepted Answer

A)   Primary
B)   Secondary
C)   Autoimmune
D)   Atypical

Question 14

A 54-year-old patient with pulmonary tuberculosis is evaluated for syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH).Which electrolyte imbalance would be expected in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hyponatremia
B)   Hyperkalemia
C)   Hypernatremia
D)   Hypokalemia

Question 15

A patient is admitted to the intensive care unit with a closed head injury sustained in a motorcycle accident.The injury has caused severe damage to the posterior pituitary.Which of the following complications should the nurse anticipate?

Accepted Answer

A)   Dilutional hyponatremia
B)   Dehydration from polyuria
C)   Cardiac arrest from hyperkalemia
D)   Metabolic acidosis

Question 16

A 19-year-old female with type 1 DM was admitted to the hospital with the following lab values: serum glucose 500 milligrams per deciliter (high), urine glucose and ketones 4+ (high), and arterial pH 7.20 (low).Her parents state that she has been sick with the "flu" for a week.Which of the following statements best explains her acidotic state?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increased insulin levels promote protein breakdown and ketone formation.
B)   Her uncontrolled diabetes has led to renal failure.
C)   Low serum insulin promotes lipid storage and a corresponding release of ketones.
D)   Insulin deficiency promotes lipid metabolism and ketone formation.

Question 17

What common neurologic disturbances should the nurse assess for in a patient with a pituitary adenoma?

Accepted Answer

A)   Coma
B)   Visual disturbances
C)   Confused states
D)   Breathing abnormalities

Question 18

A patient diagnosed with Addison disease reports weakness and is easily fatigued.What is the root of these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hyperkalemia
B)   Hypoglycemia
C)   Hypocortisolism
D)   Metabolic acidosis

Question 19

Visual disturbances are a common occurrence in patients with untreated Graves disease.The endocrinologist explains to the patient that the main cause of these complications is:

Accepted Answer

A)   decreased blood flow to the eye.
B)   orbital edema and protrusion of the eyeball.
C)   TSH neurotoxicity to retinal cells.
D)   local lactic acidosis.

Question 20

A patient is admitted to the medical unit for complications of long-term, poorly controlled type 2 DM.Which of the following would the nurse expect to find in addition to elevated glucose?

Accepted Answer

A)   Atherosclerosis
B)   Metabolic alkalosis
C)   Elevated liver enzymes
D)   Anemia

Exam 19: Alterations of Hormonal Regulation