Question 1

In most states, a blood alcohol level of ______ constitutes legal intoxication.

Accepted Answer

A)  8% 
B)  10% 
C)  12% 
D)  20%

Question 2

People who successfully quit smoking typically:

Accepted Answer

A)  change their beliefs to see less psychological benefit and more of a health threat from smoking. 
B)  have not been smoking for very long. 
C)  lack a variant of a specific gene that promotes nicotine dependence. 
D)  have never tried to quit before.

Question 3

Max has been smoking cigarettes so long that his body requires nicotine in order to function normally. A health psychologist would say that Max clearly has developed a state of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypersensitivity. 
B)  dependence. 
C)  potentiation. 
D)  tolerance.

Question 4

Using the tenets of the biopsychosocial model, discuss various factors that determine, or predict, whether a person may become physically dependent on alcohol and how it differs from factors that may enhance psychological dependence behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the tenets of the biopsychosocial model,...

Question 5

Alcohol effects expected, personality, and temperament can all influence alcohol use and abuse. Give specific examples of how these factors can influence how programs aimed at treating and preventing alcohol use disorders (AUD) are developed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alcohol effects expected, personality, and temperament can...

Question 6

Which statement was NOT presented as evidence that alcohol dependence is genetically influenced?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who abuse alcohol tend to be impulsive and vulnerable to depression, both of which are at least partly genetic in origin. 
B)  Adopted children are more susceptible to alcohol dependency if one or both of their biological parents was alcohol-dependent. 
C)  Identical twins have twice the concordance rate for alcohol dependency of fraternal twins. 
D)  Female children of alcohol-dependent parents are more likely to develop alcohol abuse than male children in the same family.

Question 7

Hepatitis and cirrhosis are two common chronic diseases caused by abuse of:

Accepted Answer

A)  nicotine. 
B)  cocaine. 
C)  marijuana. 
D)  alcohol.

Question 8

When she drinks alcohol, Eboni experiences the false sense of confidence and freedom from social constraints that is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  hypersensitivity. 
B)  behavioral disinhibition. 
C)  adolescent invulnerability. 
D)  drug potentiation.

Question 9

Chronic alcohol use has all of these effects EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  weakening the immune system. 
B)  damaging cellular DNA. 
C)  interfering with normal endocrine system development. 
D)  increasing the secretion of growth hormone.

Question 10

The fact that people who are physically dependent on one substance (such as nicotine) are more likely to be addicted to others as well (such as alcohol) provides support for a(n) ______ model of addiction.

Accepted Answer

A)  social learning 
B)  cognitive 
C)  evolutionary 
D)  reward

Question 11

Alcohol use disorder is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  state in which the use of alcohol is required for a person to function normally. 
B)  maladaptive drinking pattern in which drinking interferes with role obligations. 
C)  neurological state induced by excessive use of alcohol. 
D)  personality syndrome linked to alcohol dependence.

Question 12

Researchers have discovered a link between nicotine use and:

Accepted Answer

A)  introversion. 
B)  extraversion. 
C)  depression. 
D)  compulsivity.

Question 13

Schachter and his colleagues found that stress ______ the body's efficiency in using nicotine and ______ smoking.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases; decreases 
B)  decreases; increases 
C)  has a predictable effect on; has a predictable effect on 
D)  has an unpredictable effect on; has an unpredictable effect on

Question 14

Drugs, pollutants, and other substances that cross the placental barrier and damage the developing person are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  glial-destroying enzymes. 
B)  psychoactive agents. 
C)  teratogens. 
D)  astrocytes.

Question 15

In the United States and much of the world, which of these is most likely to cause premature death?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of exercise 
B)  an unhealthy diet 
C)  an automobile accident 
D)  smoking

Question 16

Which of these is most often cited as a reason that people start smoking?

Accepted Answer

A)  situational factors such as peer influence 
B)  personality factors such as rebelliousness 
C)  the pleasurable feelings associated with nicotine use 
D)  self-consciousness

Question 17

Alcohol makes it difficult for drinkers to interpret complex or ambiguous stimuli because drinkers tend to:

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on only the most salient cues. 
B)  have trouble narrowing their perceptual fields. 
C)  become impatient quickly. 
D)  develop a false sense of confidence in their perceptual skills.

Question 18

The need to take larger and larger doses of a drug in order to experience its effects is an indication of:

Accepted Answer

A)  tolerance. 
B)  potentiation. 
C)  psychological dependence. 
D)  withdrawal.

Question 19

Inhaling atomized nicotine with an e-cigarette is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  smoking. 
B)  puffing. 
C)  vaping. 
D)  huffing.

Question 20

Withdrawal refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the unpleasant physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a person stops using certain drugs. 
B)  a state in which use of a drug is required for a person to function normally. 
C)  a state of progressively decreasing responsiveness to a frequently used drug. 
D)  the effect of one drug to increase the effects of another.

Exam 9: Substance Use, Abuse, and Addiction