Question 1

A negative impact of a token economy program could be

Accepted Answer

A)  the people see how the tokens are meaningless. 
B)  the tokens come to dominate the person's life. 
C)  that when the reward is no longer given, the positive behaviour may simply disappear. 
D)  not wanting to part with the tokens when it is time to cash them in.

Question 2

Among the following, who is reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zara, who is paid an hourly wage. 
B)  Lise, who sells real estate and is paid whenever she sells a house. 
C)  Galiana, who works for a yearly salary. 
D)  Detlev, who does piece work and is paid for each unit he produces.

Question 3

Receiving a paycheque and being praised are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcers. 
B)  negative reinforcers. 
C)  discriminative stimuli. 
D)  secondary reinforcers.

Question 4

Define "learning" and explain what makes classical conditioning a form of learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define "learning" and explain what makes classical...

Question 5

In one of Pavlov's experiments, many doges were trained to salivate at the sound of a bell that was repeatedly paired with food. If one dog responded only to the original bell, but did not respond to other similar bells, that dog was showing the ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  generalize. 
B)  recover. 
C)  detect. 
D)  discriminate.

Question 6

Which of the following is not one of the four factors identified in the text that influences classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of pairings of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus 
B)  the intensity of the unconditioned stimulus 
C)  the temporal relationship between the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus 
D)  the number of pairings of the conditioned response and the unconditioned response

Question 7

Money, status, and praise are examples of

Accepted Answer

A)  consequential reinforcers. 
B)  preliminary reinforcers. 
C)  primary reinforcers. 
D)  secondary reinforcers.

Question 8

Experience causes learning if it results in

Accepted Answer

A)  a cognitive understanding of what has changed. 
B)  internal changes in the organism which may or may not be detectable. 
C)  a relatively permanent change in behaviour, capability, or attitude. 
D)  maturation of the targeted area.

Question 9

What are four factors that influence classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are four factors that influence classical...

Question 10

The tokens in a token economy are chosen because they are primary reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which element in classical conditioning is the learned signal?

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus 
B)  conditioned response 
C)  unconditioned stimulus 
D)  unconditioned response

Question 12

Rescorla has suggested that the critical factor in classical conditioning is whether the conditioned stimulus provides information that enables the organism to reliably predict the occurrence of the unconditioned stimulus. This research is written from the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  operant 
B)  cognitive 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  biological

Question 13

According to the text, television advertisements are most effective if the products are presented just after the beautiful people are shown.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Bud, a new employee, watches an experienced employee perform a specific task, and then Bud tries to repeat the task. The changes in Bud's behaviour can best be explained on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning. 
B)  operant conditioning. 
C)  latent learning. 
D)  observational learning.

Question 15

When a neutral stimulus is paired with an existing conditioned stimulus and thus gains the power to elicit the conditioned response,

Accepted Answer

A)  higher-order conditioning has taken place. 
B)  operant conditioning has occurred. 
C)  aversive conditioning has taken place. 
D)  observational learning has occurred.

Question 16

Drug overdoses can result if a typical dose of the drug is taken in a strange place.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Over the course of 38 therapy sessions, Watson and Mary Cover Jones used all of the following strategies to remove Peter's fear of the white rabbit, except

Accepted Answer

A)  gradually bringing a white rabbit closer and closer to him until he eventually grew fond of it. 
B)  having him watch his friends play with a white rabbit. 
C)  showing him first pictures of white rabbits, then toy white rabbits, and introducing a real white rabbit. 
D)  having him eat candy in his high chair during the therapy sessions.

Question 18

A secondary reinforcer is acquired or learned.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. The special napkins in this situation are the

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned response. 
B)  conditioned response. 
C)  unconditioned stimulus. 
D)  conditioned stimulus.

Question 20

Explain each of the four basic schedules of reinforcement and give one example of each that you have personally experienced.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain each of the four basic schedules...

Exam 5: Learning

A negative impact of a token economy program could be

Among the following, who is reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule?

Receiving a paycheque and being praised are examples of

Define "learning" and explain what makes classical conditioning a form of learning.

In one of Pavlov's experiments, many doges were trained to salivate at the sound of a bell that was repeatedly paired with food. If one dog responded only to the original bell, but did not respond to other similar bells, that dog was showing the ability to

Which of the following is not one of the four factors identified in the text that influences classical conditioning?

Money, status, and praise are examples of

Experience causes learning if it results in

What are four factors that influence classical conditioning?

The tokens in a token economy are chosen because they are primary reinforcers.

Which element in classical conditioning is the learned signal?

Rescorla has suggested that the critical factor in classical conditioning is whether the conditioned stimulus provides information that enables the organism to reliably predict the occurrence of the unconditioned stimulus. This research is written from the ________ perspective.

According to the text, television advertisements are most effective if the products are presented just after the beautiful people are shown.

Bud, a new employee, watches an experienced employee perform a specific task, and then Bud tries to repeat the task. The changes in Bud's behaviour can best be explained on the basis of

When a neutral stimulus is paired with an existing conditioned stimulus and thus gains the power to elicit the conditioned response,

Drug overdoses can result if a typical dose of the drug is taken in a strange place.

Over the course of 38 therapy sessions, Watson and Mary Cover Jones used all of the following strategies to remove Peter's fear of the white rabbit, except

A secondary reinforcer is acquired or learned.

Andrea's mother always puts special napkins on the table when she serves fried chicken, Andrea's favourite food. Now Andrea begins to salivate as soon as she sees the special napkins on the table. The special napkins in this situation are the

Explain each of the four basic schedules of reinforcement and give one example of each that you have personally experienced.