Question 1

Looking up records of behaviors that have already occurred uses the ______ observation technique.

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic 
B)  survey 
C)  systematic 
D)  archival

Question 2

The presence of extraneous factors in a study that affect the dependent variable and can decrease the internal validity of the study is the ______ variable problem.

Accepted Answer

A)  predicator 
B)  outcome 
C)  third 
D)  negative

Question 3

What aspects of an experiment allow tests of causal relationships between variables in experimental studies?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What aspects of an experiment allow tests...

Question 4

The Beck Depression Inventory II and Beck Anxiety Inventory are two commonly used surveys in psychological research on mood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The research design that allows researchers to answer descriptive and predictive questions about the relationship between different measured variables is a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  experiment 
B)  quasi-experiment 
C)  case study 
D)  correlational study

Question 6

What is the difference between an experiment and a quasi-experiment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between an experiment...

Question 7

A researcher who examines the relationship between individuals' tooth flossing frequency and the incidence of heart disease in these individuals is using the ______ research design.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  quasi-experimental 
C)  case study 
D)  correlational

Question 8

The primary disadvantage of using surveys to collect data is that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the observations are considered self-reports 
B)  survey research cannot be published in peer-reviewed journals 
C)  survey research is not considered to be prestigious 
D)  survey research used open-ended questions

Question 9

Asking individuals to respond to questions or rate items according to their attitudes or behaviors uses the ______ observation technique.

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic 
B)  survey 
C)  systematic 
D)  archival

Question 10

Using records of car crashes where individuals were not wearing seatbelts to measure use of seatbelt behavior is an example of ______ observation technique.

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic 
B)  survey 
C)  systematic 
D)  archival

Question 11

Non-numerical participant responses are considered ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  quantitative data 
B)  qualitative data 
C)  non-numerical data 
D)  invalid data

Question 12

Describe an experiment that tests the effect of amount of caffeine consumption on work productivity. Be sure to label the independent and dependent variables in the study and include your operational definition for "work productivity."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe an experiment that tests the effect...

Question 13

A ______ design is an experiment conducted with one or a few participants to better understand the behavior of those individuals.

Accepted Answer

A)  case study 
B)  small-n 
C)  limited correlational study 
D)  factorial study

Question 14

Inter-rater reliability is also known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  inter-observer 
B)  inter-person 
C)  inter-participant 
D)  inter-researcher

Question 15

Making sure observers are categorizing behaviors the same way increases ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  external validity 
B)  internal validity 
C)  subjective validity 
D)  reliability

Question 16

The research design that allows researchers to answer causal questions about manipulated and measured variables is a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  experiment 
B)  quasi-experiment 
C)  case study 
D)  correlational study

Question 17

Asking individuals to rate how often each of 20 items related to depression symptoms occurs in their daily lives is an example of ______ observation technique.

Accepted Answer

A)  naturalistic 
B)  survey 
C)  systematic 
D)  archival

Question 18

The research design that allows researchers to compare groups of individuals on a measured variable based on characteristics of the individuals is a(n) ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  experiment 
B)  quasi-experiment 
C)  case study 
D)  correlational study

Question 19

Explain why use of the systematic observation technique is likely to increase the internal validity of a study.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain why use of the systematic observation...

Question 20

The Beck Anxiety Inventory is an example of ______ research.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental 
B)  survey 
C)  case study 
D)  correlational

Exam 4: How Psychologists Use the Scientific Method: Data Collection Techniques and Research Designs

Looking up records of behaviors that have already occurred uses the ______ observation technique.

The presence of extraneous factors in a study that affect the dependent variable and can decrease the internal validity of the study is the ______ variable problem.

What aspects of an experiment allow tests of causal relationships between variables in experimental studies?

The Beck Depression Inventory II and Beck Anxiety Inventory are two commonly used surveys in psychological research on mood.

The research design that allows researchers to answer descriptive and predictive questions about the relationship between different measured variables is a(n) ______.

What is the difference between an experiment and a quasi-experiment?

A researcher who examines the relationship between individuals' tooth flossing frequency and the incidence of heart disease in these individuals is using the ______ research design.

The primary disadvantage of using surveys to collect data is that ______.

Asking individuals to respond to questions or rate items according to their attitudes or behaviors uses the ______ observation technique.

Using records of car crashes where individuals were not wearing seatbelts to measure use of seatbelt behavior is an example of ______ observation technique.

Non-numerical participant responses are considered ______.

Describe an experiment that tests the effect of amount of caffeine consumption on work productivity. Be sure to label the independent and dependent variables in the study and include your operational definition for "work productivity."

A ______ design is an experiment conducted with one or a few participants to better understand the behavior of those individuals.

Inter-rater reliability is also known as ______.

Making sure observers are categorizing behaviors the same way increases ______.

The research design that allows researchers to answer causal questions about manipulated and measured variables is a(n) ______.

Asking individuals to rate how often each of 20 items related to depression symptoms occurs in their daily lives is an example of ______ observation technique.

The research design that allows researchers to compare groups of individuals on a measured variable based on characteristics of the individuals is a(n) ______.

Explain why use of the systematic observation technique is likely to increase the internal validity of a study.

The Beck Anxiety Inventory is an example of ______ research.