Question 1

Sets of statements that propose general principles of development are called __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sets of statements that propose general principles...

Question 2

How does Erikson's psychoanalytic theory differ from that of Freud?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is described as psychosexual. 
B)  It focuses on psychosocial stages influenced by common cultural demands. 
C)  It is based on libidial energy and incorporates the concepts of id, ego, and superego. 
D)  It includes both a phallic and genital stage. 
E)  It states that a child's success depends on interaction with people and objects.

Question 3

The ecological perspective in developmental psychology

Accepted Answer

A)  uses evolutionary theory to explain inborn patterns of behaviors. 
B)  emphasizes teaching children about protection of the natural environment. 
C)  looks at the context in which the child grows up. 
D)  applies theories of animal behavior to understanding human behavior. 
E)  was first suggested by Hall.

Question 4

Dr. Hidalga is a behavior geneticist. The primary research techniques he will use are

Accepted Answer

A)  studies of genetic experiments and cultural observations. 
B)  longitudinal studies of the elderly and infants. 
C)  studies of identical and fraternal twins, and of adopted children. 
D)  correlational studies of gender and race. 
E)  case studies and correlations.

Question 5

Five-year-old Janey started sucking her thumb again when her baby brother was born. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  regression. 
B)  rationalization. 
C)  projection. 
D)  displacement. 
E)  denial.

Question 6

A __________ is a number ranging from -1.00 to +1.00 that describes the strength of a relationship between two variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A __________ is a number ranging from...

Question 7

The type of learning in which the probability of a person's performing some behavior is increased or decreased because of the consequences it produces is known as __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of The type of learning in which the...

Question 8

In order to determine the relationship between variables, a researcher should use a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  average. 
B)  correlation. 
C)  deviation. 
D)  range. 
E)  median.

Question 9

Studies of partial reinforcement show that

Accepted Answer

A)  it is the same thing as positive reinforcement. 
B)  behaviors are learned faster using partial reinforcement. 
C)  it works with children but not with adults. 
D)  it makes behaviors more resistant to extinction. 
E)  behaviors are weakened by partial reinforcement.

Question 10

In terms of heuristic value, __________ and __________ theories get equally high marks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In terms of heuristic value, __________ and...

Question 11

All of the following are accurate statements about the naturalistic observation method EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  people are observed in their normal environments. 
B)  observer bias is a weakness. 
C)  they are time consuming. 
D)  they are highly generalizable. 
E)  observations should be repeated.

Question 12

An emphasis on individualism would most likely be found in which subculture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asian American 
B)  African American 
C)  Native American 
D)  Hispanic American 
E)  European American

Question 13

In developmental terms, a change in amount is __________ ; whereas a change in kind or type is __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of In developmental terms, a change in amount...

Question 14

In an effort to bridge the gap between learning theory and cognitive-developmental theory, Bandura emphasizes important cognitive elements in observational learning that he now calls __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of In an effort to bridge the gap...

Question 15

Werner and Smith's research has found that ________ of children who grew up in poverty level chaotic families turn out to be competent, confident, caring adults.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-quarter 
B)  one-third 
C)  one-half 
D)  two-thirds 
E)  three-quarters

Question 16

The "Little Albert" experiment was conducted by

Accepted Answer

A)  Watson. 
B)  Hall. 
C)  Rousseau. 
D)  Descartes. 
E)  Spock

Question 17

____________insisted that at birth the mind is a blank slate and used the Latin term to describe this as __________ .

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________insisted that at birth the mind is...

Question 18

In order to be defined as a punishment, an action must

Accepted Answer

A)  weaken or stop a behavior. 
B)  deprive someone of something important. 
C)  be strong and immediate. 
D)  occur within two days of the behavior. 
E)  inflict something painful.

Question 19

Mariano lives in a collectivist culture. He will be encouraged to

Accepted Answer

A)  become independent as soon as possible. 
B)  consult with others before making a decision. 
C)  assume responsibility for his actions. 
D)  be competitive. 
E)  develop his own individual identity.

Question 20

Dr. Burnett's research is subject to the ethical standard of confidentiality. Therefore, he must

Accepted Answer

A)  not tell his subjects the truth about his research. 
B)  not reveal research findings to the press. 
C)  not reveal the identities of participants in his research. 
D)  conduct his research in secret. 
E)  disregard the concept of informed consent.

Exam 1: Basic Issues in the Study of Development