Question 1

Describe the whole-language and phonics approaches to teaching reading.Which approach should elementary teachers use to ensure effective reading instruction?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the whole-language and phonics approaches to...

Question 2

Cite strategies that athletic leagues can use to facilitate positive learning experiences in school-age children,including the benefits of participation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cite strategies that athletic leagues can use...

Question 3

Although heritability estimates offer convincing evidence that genes contribute to IQ,they

Accepted Answer

A) do not reveal the complex process through which genes and experiences influence intelligence as children develop. 
B) tend to underestimate genetic influences. 
C) tend to overestimate environmental influences. 
D) often rely on adoption studies,which tell us little about environmental factors that influence IQ.

Question 4

After age 8,girls

Accepted Answer

A) are slightly shorter and lighter than boys. 
B) have slightly more muscle than boys. 
C) begin accumulating fat at a faster rate than boys. 
D) have slightly less body fat than boys.

Question 5

Arthur Jensen's 1969 monograph,"How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement?" was controversial because he argued that

Accepted Answer

A) test bias largely accounts for ethnic differences in IQ. 
B) heredity is largely responsible for individual,ethnic,and SES differences in IQ. 
C) the environment is largely responsible for individual,ethnic,and SES differences in IQ. 
D) there are no significant individual,ethnic,or SES differences in IQ.

Question 6

When Taylor was given a list of ingredients to memorize,she immediately repeated the list to herself over and over.Which memory strategy did Taylor use?

Accepted Answer

A) elaboration 
B) organization 
C) rehearsal 
D) metacognition

Question 7

Jamal is able to think through a series of steps and then mentally return to the starting point.Therefore,Jamal is capable of

Accepted Answer

A) reversibility. 
B) decentration. 
C) transitive interference. 
D) class inclusion.

Question 8

Luke has a science test on Friday and knows that he needs to focus his attention during class and apply memory strategies when studying.Luke is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A) long-term retrieval. 
B) metacognitive awareness. 
C) cognitive inhibition. 
D) false-belief understanding.

Question 9

Dr.Whittier believes that many IQ tests sample knowledge and skills that not all groups of children have had the opportunity to learn.Dr.Whittier's belief reflects the controversial question that ethnic differences in IQ have to do with

Accepted Answer

A) heritability. 
B) multiple intelligences. 
C) test bias. 
D) SES.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about bilingual development?

Accepted Answer

A) As with first-language development,a sensitive period for second-language development exists. 
B) Unlike first-language development,there is no sensitive period for second-language development. 
C) Bilingual children do poorly on tests of selective attention and tend to have lower academic achievement than monolingual agemates. 
D) Bilingual children cannot transfer their phonological awareness skills in one language to the other.

Question 11

A concrete operational child can _________ mentally,an ability called _________________.

Accepted Answer

A) conserve;seriation 
B) seriate;transitive inference 
C) classify;decentration 
D) reverse;class inclusion

Question 12

African-American children's narratives are usually longer and more complex than those of white children because African-American children

Accepted Answer

A) tend to use a topic-focused narrative style. 
B) rarely use a classic form narrative style. 
C) tend to use a topic-associating narrative style. 
D) are more advanced in language and literacy development.

Question 13

Compared with middle-SES white parents,low-SES black parents are more likely to ask their children

Accepted Answer

A) "real" questions that they themselves cannot answer. 
B) knowledge-training questions. 
C) objective questions. 
D) classification questions.

Question 14

Between the ages of 6 and 12,________ primary teeth are lost and replaced by permanent ones.

Accepted Answer

A) 12 
B) 14 to 18 
C) 20 
D) 24

Question 15

Inactivity is ____________ excessive weight gain in children.

Accepted Answer

A) unrelated to 
B) both a cause and consequence of 
C) more important than nutrition in predicting 
D) caused by serious hormonal imbalances and predicts

Question 16

Quinn knows that he should group items when memorizing lists,but he does not always do so.Quinn is not yet good at

Accepted Answer

A) selective attention. 
B) flexibility of attention. 
C) metacognition. 
D) cognitive self-regulation.

Question 17

Adoption studies reveal that

Accepted Answer

A) adopted children show a significant decline in IQ across middle childhood and adolescence,regardless of rearing conditions. 
B) children of low-IQ biological mothers do as well as children with high-IQ biological mothers when placed in similar adoptive homes. 
C) genetic factors play a much greater role in IQ than environmental factors. 
D) when children of low-IQ mothers are adopted by parents who are above average in income and education,they score above average in IQ.

Question 18

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales,Fifth Edition,

Accepted Answer

A) contains nonverbal subtests that do not require spoken language. 
B) emphasizes crystallized knowledge. 
C) provides separate scores for analytical,creative,and practical intelligence. 
D) offers only a measure of general intelligence.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about gifted education?

Accepted Answer

A) Low-SES and ethnic minority children are overrepresented in school programs for the gifted. 
B) Overall,gifted children do not fare well socially when they are advanced to a higher grade. 
C) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences has inspired several model programs that provide enrichment to all students in diverse disciplines. 
D) Programs designed to provide enrichment in the regular classrooms are the most common practice in gifted education.

Question 20

Which of the following is supported by research on dynamic assessment?

Accepted Answer

A) Dynamic assessments are more culturally biased than traditional IQ tests. 
B) Children's capacity to transfer what they have learned to novel problems contributes to gains in IQ test performance. 
C) Dynamic assessments are easier to administer than traditional IQ tests. 
D) Dynamic assessment underestimates the intelligence of ethnic minority children.

Exam 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood